The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Networks without user observability
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Shamir, A. (1979) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/359168.359176 · Cited by 13,756
Communication Theory of Secrecy Systems
Shannon, C. E. (1949) · Bell System Technical Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1949.tb00928.x · Cited by 9,440
Cited by
Crowds: anonymity for Web transactions
Reiter, M. K., & Rubin, A. D. (1998) · ACM Transactions on Information and System Security · doi:10.1145/290163.290168 · Cited by 1,770
Goldschlag, D. M., Reed, M. G., & Syverson, P. F. (1996) · Lecture Notes in Computer Science · doi:10.1007/3-540-61996-8_37 · Cited by 494
Stop- and- Go-MIXes Providing Probabilistic Anonymity in an Open System
Kesdogan, D., Egner, J., & Büschkes, R. (1998) · Lecture Notes in Computer Science · doi:10.1007/3-540-49380-8_7 · Cited by 285
Security models for web-based applications
Joshi, J. B. D., Aref, W. G., Ghafoor, A., & Spafford, E. H. (2001) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/359205.359224 · Cited by 255
Identity management and its support of multilateral security
Clauß, S., & Köhntopp, M. (2001) · Computer Networks · doi:10.1016/s1389-1286(01)00217-1 · Cited by 169
Metadata
- Authors
- Pfitzmann, A., & Waidner, M.
- Venue
- Computers & Security
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1987-04
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 158-166
- ISSN
- 0167-4048 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W61242331
- Cited by
- 164
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 1.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Networks without user observability. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/0167-4048(87)90087-3
- The paper
- Pfitzmann, A., & Waidner, M. (1987). Networks without user observability. Computers & Security. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-4048(87)90087-3
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
