Action on bovine αs1-casein of cardosins A and B, aspartic proteinases from the flowers of the cardoon Cynara cardunculus L.
Abstract
The cleavage of purified bovine alpha s1-casein separately by cardosin A and cardosin B, two distinct milk-clotting aspartic proteinases (APs) present in the stigmas of the plant Cynara cardunculus L., was studied. Casein digestion peptides were separated either by SDS-PAGE or by reverse-phase HPLC, and their N-terminal amino acid sequences were subsequently determined by automated Edman degradation, thus identifying the cleavage sites. Results showed that both enzymes exert a similar but distinct action on bovine alpha s1-casein. In common they have the preference for the bond Phe23-Phe24, and the cleavage of Trp164-Tyr165 and Phe153-Tyr154. Cardosin A also cleaves the bond Tyr165-Tyr166, whereas Cardosin B cleaves an extra type of bond, Phe150-Arg151, revealing a slightly broader specificity. A model for the action of both enzymes on bovine alpha s1-casein is proposed and discussed. In comparison with the reported action of chymosin on bovine alpha s1-casein, both cardosins proved to have a broader specificity towards this particular substrate due to a higher ability to cleave bonds between residues with large hydrophobic side-chains.
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Comparison of results suggests that the bonds in pure caseins (or in sodium caseinate) most susceptible to cardosins A and B are Leu190-Tyr191 and Leu127-Thr128 in β-casein, and Phe23-Val24 and Trp164-Tyr165 in αs1-casein.
“However, comparison of the results reported by Ramalho-Santos et al. [38,39], by Sousa and Malcata [55], and by Silva and Malcata [46] suggests that the bonds in pure caseins (or in sodium caseinate, for that matter) most susceptible to cardosins A and B are Leu 190 -Tyr 191 and Leu 127 -Thr 128 in β-casein (Fig. 1b), and Phe 23 -Val 24 and Trp 164 -Tyr 165 in α s1 -casein (Fig. 1c).”
From Advances in the role of a plant coagulant ( <i>Cynara cardunculus</i> ) in vitro and during ripening of cheeses from several milk species (2002) · cites this paper as [38]
Cites
Veríssimo, P., Faro, C., Moir, A. J. G., Lin, Y., Tang, J., & Pires, E. (1996) · European Journal of Biochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.00762.x · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Self-citationVer�ssimo, P., Esteves, C., Faro, C., & Pires, E. (1995) · Biotechnology Letters · doi:10.1007/bf00129389 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
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Production of plant proteases in vivo and in vitro — A review
González-Rábade, N., Badillo-Corona, J. A., Aranda-Barradas, J. S., & Oliver-Salvador, M. D. C. (2011) · Biotechnology Advances · doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.08.017 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Biochemistry of Cheese Ripening: Proteolysis
Ardö, Y., McSweeney, P. L. H., Magboul, A. A. A., Upadhyay, V. K., & Fox, P. F. (2017) · Cheese · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-417012-4.00018-1 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Sousa, M. J., & Malcata, F. X. (2002) · Le Lait · doi:10.1051/lait:2002001 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Cardoon-Based Rennets for Cheese Production
Almeida, C. M., & Simões, I. (2018) · Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s00253-018-9032-3 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Roa, I., Belén López, M., & Javier Mendiola, F. (1999) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/s0963-9969(99)00098-8 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Néstor, G., Dely Rubí, C., & Héctor, J. (2012) · Journal of Food Science · doi:10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02468.x · Cited by 25 · see citing works
- Authors
- Ramalho-Santos, M., Veríssimo, P., Faro, C., & Pires, E.
- Affiliations
- University of Coimbra (PT)
- Corresponding author
- Faro, Carlos
- Venue
- Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1996-09
- Volume
- 1297
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 83-89
- ISSN
- 0167-4838 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2045977252
- Cited by
- 56
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 6.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Cynara cardunculus studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biotechnology › Enzyme Production and Characterization
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Pineapple and bromelain studies
- Keywords
- aspartic protease, Cynara cardunculus, cleavage site, substrate specificity, milk-clotting enzyme, chymosin, protein digestion
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Arginine, Caseins, Cattle, Molecular Weight, Peptide Fragments, Phenylalanine, Plant Proteins, Plants, Substrate Specificity, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases, Sequence Analysis
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