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Studies on antioxidants: Their carcinogenic and modifying effects on chemical carcinogenesis

Ito, N., Hirose, M., Fukushima, S., Tsuda, H., Shirai, T., Tatematsu, M.·1986·Food and Chemical Toxicology
DOI 10.1016/0278-6915(86)90291-7
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Abstract

Studies were conducted on the carcinogenic activity of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) in rats and hamsters. To obtain information concerning the mechanism of action of BHA on the forestomach, the following areas were examined: the effects of 12 phenolic compounds structurally related to BHA on the hamster forestomach, the effects of combinations of BHA and other antioxidants on the rat forestomach, and the metabolism of BHA in the forestomach. Also examined were the effects of several antioxidants on two-stage carcinogenesis in rats. Squamous-cell carcinomas were induced in the forestomach of rats and hamsters fed BHA. In a limited study, 1 of 13 hamsters developed a squamous-cell carcinoma. The tumorigenic action of crude BHA on the forestomach was largely due to the action of 3-tert-BHA. p-tert-Butylphenol and 2-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol induced pronounced hyperplasia and papillomas in the hamster forestomach. BHA and other antioxidants, particularly propyl gallate and ethoxyquin, showed additive effects in inducing forestomach hyperplasia and cytotoxicity. Neither BHA nor its metabolites were found in the forestomach epithelium, although small amounts of metabolites were detected in the stomach contents. Thus, a direct action on the stomach epithelium may be exerted by BHA itself or by metabolites formed on interaction of BHA with gastric juice. BHA enhanced forestomach carcinogenesis initiated in rats by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine or N-methylnitrosourea (MNU) an…

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Metadata

Authors
Ito, N., Hirose, M., Fukushima, S., Tsuda, H., Shirai, T., & Tatematsu, M.
Venue
Food and Chemical Toxicology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
1986-10
Volume
24
Issue
10-11
Pages
1071-1082
ISSN
0278-6915
DOI
10.1016/0278-6915(86)90291-7
Cited by
401
References
0
Language
en
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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Studies on antioxidants: Their carcinogenic and modifying effects on chemical carcinogenesis. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/0278-6915(86)90291-7
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Ito, N., Hirose, M., Fukushima, S., Tsuda, H., Shirai, T., & Tatematsu, M. (1986). Studies on antioxidants: Their carcinogenic and modifying effects on chemical carcinogenesis. Food and Chemical Toxicology. https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-6915(86)90291-7

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