Protection against acute hyperammonemia: the role of quaternary amines
Abstract
The quaternary amine L-carnitine is able to protect Swiss Albino mice from hyperammonemia when administered in high doses before ammonium acetate. This has been explained by its specific ability to shuttle fatty acids into mitochondria. The structure of L-carnitine resembles the chemical structure of other substances that have been described as being able to protect living cells against osmotic stress. We subjected Swiss Albino mice to hyperammonemia after pretreatment with L-carnitine or "osmoprotectants" such as the quaternary amines choline and betaine, and trimethylamine N-oxide. L-Carnitine proved to be the drug of choice to protect against acute hyperammonemia. Nevertheless, the other tested compounds appeared also to be effective, suggesting that osmoregulation plays a major role in protection against hyperammonemia.
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Circulating TMAO may play a role in protection from hyperammonemia and from glutamate neurotoxicity.
“circulating TMAO may play a role in the protection from hyperammonemia (Kloiber et al., 1988) and from glutamate neurotoxicity (Minana et al., 1996).”
From Gut reactions: Breaking down xenobiotic–microbiome interactions (2019) · cites this paper as Kloiber et al., 1988
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Gut reactions: Breaking down xenobiotic–microbiome interactions
Clarke, G., Sandhu, K. V., Griffin, B. T., Dinan, T. G., Cryan, J. F., & Hyland, N. P. (2019) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.118.015768 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
- Authors
- Kloiber, O., Banjac, B., & Drewes, L. R.
- Affiliations
- Max Planck Society (DE)
- University of Minnesota, Duluth (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kloiber, Otmar
- ORCID
- Drewes, Lester R.
- Venue
- Toxicology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1988-04
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 83-90
- ISSN
- 0300-483X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2079216695
- Cited by
- 35
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2015: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Toxicology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Clinical Biochemistry › Metabolism and Genetic Disorders
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protection
- Keywords
- hyperammonemia, L-carnitine, quaternary amines, osmoprotectants, choline, betaine, trimethylamine N-oxide, osmoregulation, ammonium acetate, fatty acid uptake, neuroprotection
- MeSH terms
- Acetates, Ammonia, Animals, Betaine, Carnitine, Choline, Glutamates, Glutamine, Male, Methylamines, Glutamic Acid, Mice
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