Cited by 127Physiological and biochemical adaptationsPlant and animal studiesAvian ecology and behavior

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Crop volume, nectar concentration and hummingbird energetics

Hainsworth, F.Reed, Wolf, Larry L·1972·Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology

DOI 10.1016/0300-9629(72)90117-x

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“Large amounts of nectar, such as the 200 AL-rewards I used at times, could fill a Hermit Hummingbird's crop to levels that reduce feeding effort (Hainsworth and Wolf 1972, DeBenedictis et al. 1978).”
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“, 1983) and in Costa Rica (Hainsworth and Wolf, 1972; Baker, 1975; Pyke and Waser, 1981).”
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“Because the volume of the whole gut is larger than that of the intestine and is potentially variable, as it depends on meal volume (Hainsworth and Wolf 1972), MRT cannot be directly predicted from t. Ideally, t should be calculated independently of MRT (Martı́nez del Rio and Karasov 1990).”
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“We measured functional traits of hummingbird species that have been reported to affect their interactions with plant species, such as bill length and curvature (Hainsworth and Wolf 1972, Temeles et al. 2010), as well as body mass (Dalsgaard et al. 2008, 2009) and wing length (Stiles 2004).”
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“Each species of hummingbird should have a particular cut-off point, at which the net reward per flower becomes insufficient to offset foraging costs; and this crucial level will be set higher for larger birds, since crop volume is directly related to size ( Hainsworth and Wolf 1972 ) as also is the food required (Brow…”
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“Nectar and especially nectar of hummingbird-pollinated species contains amino acids only in low quantities (Hainsworth and Wolf 1972; Baker and Baker 1982), and while pollen grains contain substantial amounts of amino acids, hummingbirds are not able to digest the resilient wall of sporopollenin surrounding the grains…”
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“approximately 780 ml (Hainsworth and Wolf, 1972).”
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“Hummingbirds have crops, but the crop capacity is lower relative to metabolic rate in smaller hummingbirds ( Hainsworth and Wolf 1972 ).”
Background
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Risk aversion in hand-reared bananaquits
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“While sugar concentrations of nectar have been measured in a variety of plant species in different habitats (Hainsworth and Wolf 1972; Stiles 1975; Baker 1975) little information is available on the variation in concentration within different plant species.”
Background
Energy regulation by traplining hummingbirds
Gass, C. L., & Garrison, J. S. E. (1999) · Functional Ecology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2435.1999.00335.x · Cited by 35
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“Indeed, the nectar concentration of the two studied Ipomoea was higher than that described for chiropterophilous plants (2–29 %; von Helversen 1993; Fleming et al. 2009) and ornithophilous flowers (15–25 %; Hainsworth and Wolf 1972; Baker 1975; Baker and Baker 1983; Proctor et al. 1996).”
Why hummingbirds have such large crops
Carpenter, F. L., Hixon, M. A., Hunt, A., & Russell, R. W. (1991) · Evolutionary Ecology · doi:10.1007/bf02214157 · Cited by 33
Diuresis and its hormonal control in butterflies
Nicolson, S. W. (1980) · Journal of Insect Physiology · doi:10.1016/0022-1910(80)90101-8 · Cited by 33
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Nachev, V., Stich, K. P., & Winter, Y. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0074144 · Cited by 31
Experimental studies of foraging in complex laboratory environments
Gass, C. L. (1978) · American Zoologist · doi:10.1093/icb/18.4.729 · Cited by 31
Nectar Intake and Water Balance for Two Species of Australian Honeyeater, Lichmera indistincta and Acanthorhynchus superciliosis
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Energy metabolism, respirtory quotient and breathing parameters in two convergent small bird species: The fork-tailed sunbird Aethopyga christinae (nectariniidae) and the chilean hummingbird Sephanoides sephanoides (trohilidae)
Prinzinger, R., Schäfer, T., & Schuchmann, K. (1992) · Journal of Thermal Biology · doi:10.1016/0306-4565(92)90001-v · Cited by 30
An estimate of the heat balance of a nesting hummingbird in a chilling climate
Calder, W. A. (1973) · Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A Physiology · doi:10.1016/0300-9629(73)90419-2 · Cited by 30
Territorial Defense against Hummingbirds and Insects by Tropical Hummingbirds
Boyden, T. C. (1978) · Ornithological Applications · doi:10.2307/1367921 · Cited by 29
Mechanisms of Competition in Tropical Hummingbirds: Metabolic Costs for Losers and Winners
Tiebout, H. M. (1993) · Ecology · doi:10.2307/1939302 · Cited by 28
Do Avian Frugivores Absorb Fruit Sugars Inefficiently? How Dietary Nutrient Concentration Can Affect Coefficients of Digestive Efficiency
Witmer, M. C. (1999) · Journal of Avian Biology · doi:10.2307/3677125 · Cited by 27
Nectar Availability and Habitat Selection by Hummingbirds in Guadalupe Canyon
Baltosser, W. H. (1989) · Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.16092571 · Cited by 27
Feeding: An Ecological Approach
Hainsworth, F. R., & Wolf, L. L. (1979) · Advances in the study of behavior · doi:10.1016/s0065-3454(08)60033-9 · Cited by 27
Self-citation
Models and Evidence for Feeding Control of Energy
Hainsworth, F. R., & Wolf, L. L. (1983) · American Zoologist · doi:10.1093/icb/23.2.261 · Cited by 21
Self-citation
Tests of a Model of Food Passage Rates in Hummingbirds
Tiebout, H. M. (1989) · Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida) · doi:10.1093/auk/106.2.203 · Cited by 19
Nectar and flower production of Lobelia telekii inflorescences, and their influence on territorial behaviour of the scarlet-tufted malachite sunbird (Nectarinia johnstoni)
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Daylength and the Hummingbirds' Use of Time
Calder, W. A. (1975) · The Auk · doi:10.2307/4084419 · Cited by 17
Fiber‐optic refractometer for in vivo sugar concentration measurements of low‐nectar‐producing flowers
Aronne, G., & Malara, P. (2019) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/nph.16084 · Cited by 16
“…fructose have similar 2019 The Authors New Phytologist 2019 New Phytologist Trust New Phytologist (2019) 224: 987–993 987 www.newphytologist.com Research refractive indices (Corbet, 1978; Baker & Baker, 1982), which in turn are approximately half that of equimolar sucrose (Hainsworth & Wolf, 1972).”
Background
Nectar and flower production ofLobelia telekiiinflorescences, and their influence on territorial behaviour of the scarlet-tufted malachite sunbird (Nectarinia johnstoni)
EVANS, M. (1996) · Biological Journal of the Linnean Society · doi:10.1006/bijl.1996.0008 · Cited by 16
The environment to the rescue: can physics help predict predator–prey interactions?
Cherif, M., Brose, U., Hirt, M. R., Ryser, R., Silve, V., Albert, G., Arnott, R. N., Berti, E., Cirtwill, A. R., Dyer, A., et al. (2024) · Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · doi:10.1111/brv.13105 · Cited by 14
“The resulting additional energetic requirements affect their use of nectar resources with altitude (Hainsworth & Wolf, 1972).”
Metabolic Fates of Evening Crop-Stored Sugar in Ruby-Throated Hummingbirds (Archilochus colubris)
Eberts, E. R., Dick, M. F., & Welch, K. C. (2019) · Diversity · doi:10.3390/d11010009 · Cited by 15
“Overall, this study confirms that an evening nectar meal is an important factor in hummingbirds’ overnight energy budget management [19,20,25].”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Resource use, energetic profitability, and behavioral decisions in migrant rufous hummingbirds
Heinemann, D. (1992) · Oecologia · doi:10.1007/bf00317819 · Cited by 15
“An upper limit to foraging time may exist because time appears to be required to empty the crop of nectar (Hainsworth and Wolf 1972; Wolf and Hainsworth 1977; DeBenedictis et al. 1978; Hixon et al. 1983; Diamond et al. 1986; Karasov et al. 1986) and for territory defense, and exploitation would cause standing crop to…”
Background
Ingestion patterns and daily energy intake on a sugary diet: the Red Lory Eos bornea and the Malachite Sunbird Nectarinia famosa
Downs, C. T. (2000) · Ibis · doi:10.1111/j.1474-919x.2000.tb04431.x · Cited by 15
Comparative energetics of divergent foraging modes: a doubly labelled water experiment on hummingbird competition
Tiebout, H. M. (1992) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/s0003-3472(05)80585-8 · Cited by 15
Nocturnal energy expenditure by honeyeaters experiencing food shortage and low environmental temperatures
COLLINS, B. G., & Briffa, P. (1984) · Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A Physiology · doi:10.1016/0300-9629(84)90096-3 · Cited by 15
From a sequential pattern, temporal adjustments emerge in hummingbird traplining
Tello-Ramos, M. C., Hurly, A. T., & Healy, S. D. (2018) · Integrative Zoology · doi:10.1111/1749-4877.12370 · Cited by 13
“Although the crop size of these hummingbirds is about 600 μl (Hainsworth & Wolf 1972), territorial males often drink much less when displaying to females and chasing off intruders from their territory (Carpenter et al. 1991) during the mating season.”
Background
Fall Resource Division in Santa Cruz Island Hummingbirds
Yeaton, R. I., & Laughrin, L. (1976) · Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.16544112 · Cited by 13
Zur Abhängigkeit des Gesangs vom Nahrungsangebot beim Gelbbauchnektarvogel (Nectarinia venusta)
Wilhelm, K., Comtessè, H., & Pflumm, W. (1980) · Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1980.tb01071.x · Cited by 13
Sobre la ecología reproductiva de Nicotiana glauca Grah: una maleza de distribución cosmopolita
Hernández, H. M. (1981) · Botanical Sciences · doi:10.17129/botsci.1248 · Cited by 12
Origin and Function of Amino Acids in Nectar and Nectaries of Pitcairnia Species with Particular Emphasis on Alanine and Glutamine
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“Humming-birds appear to prefer lower concentrations of amino acids in nectar, because they can generally attain much more nitrogen from feeding on insects [17,61].”
Background
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Authors: Hainsworth, F. R., & Wolf, L. L.
Affiliations: Syracuse University (US)
Venue: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1972-06
Volume: 42
Issue: 2
Pages: 359-366
ISSN: 0300-9629 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(72)90117-x
OpenAlex: W1995718763
Cited by: 127
References: 11
Citations by year: 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 1
FWCI: 8.06
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A Physiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Physiological and biochemical adaptations
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Plant and animal studies
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Avian ecology and behavior
Keywords: hummingbirds, nectar concentration, food storage, body weight, metabolic rate, ambient temperature, sucrose concentration, dietary intake
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Physiological, Animals, Birds, Body Weight, Crop, Avian, Eating, Food Analysis, Oxygen Consumption, Sucrose, Temperature

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Crop volume, nectar concentration and hummingbird energetics

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