Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 1,673

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 7 of the 7 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Distribution of yttrium and rare-earth elements in the Penge and Kuruman iron-formations, Transvaal Supergroup, South Africa

Bau, Michael, Dulski, Peter·1996·Precambrian Research
DOI 10.1016/0301-9268(95)00087-9
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/0301-9268(95)00087-9

Cites

7 of 7 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 7 references

Research works printed but not linked: 50

  1. Alibert, 1993, Rare earth element and neodymium isotopic compositions of the banded iron-formations and associated shales from Hamersley, westem Australia, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 57, 187, 10.1016/0016-7037(93)90478-F · DOI · Paper page
  2. Anders, 1989, Abundances of the elements: meteoric and solar, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 53, 197, 10.1016/0016-7037(89)90286-X · DOI · Paper page
  3. Appel, 1983, Rare earth elements in the early Archaean Isua Iron-Formation, Precambrian Res., 20, 243, 10.1016/0301-9268(83)90075-X · DOI
  4. Barrett, 1988, Rare-earth-element geochemistry of some Archean iron formations north of Lake Superior, Ontario, Can. J. Earth Sci., 25, 570, 10.1139/e88-055 · DOI
  5. Barton, 1994, UPb zircon age for a tuff in the Campbell Group, Griqualand West Sequence, South Africa: implications for Early Proterozoic rock accumulation rates, Geology, 22, 343, 10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0343:UPZAFA>2.3.CO;2 · DOI
  6. Bau, 1993, Effects of syn- and post-depositional processes on the rare-earth element distribution in Precambrian iron-formations, Eur. J. Mineral., 5, 257, 10.1127/ejm/5/2/0257 · DOI
  7. Bau, 1994, Evolution of the yttrium-holmium systematics of seawater through time, Ext. Abstr., Min. Mag., 58A, 61, 10.1180/minmag.1994.58A.1.35 · DOI
  8. Bau, 1995, Comparative study of yttrium and rare-earth element behaviours in fluorine-rich hydrothermal fluids, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 119, 213, 10.1007/BF00307282 · DOI · Paper page
  9. Bau, 1992, Rare-earth element fractionation in metamorphogenic hydrothermal calcite, magnesite and siderite, Mineral. Petrol., 45, 231, 10.1007/BF01163114 · DOI · Paper page
  10. Bau, 1993, Rare earth element systematics of the chemically precipitated component in Early Precambrian iron formations and the evolution of the terrestrial atmosphere-hydrosphere-lithosphere system, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 57, 2239, 10.1016/0016-7037(93)90566-F · DOI · Paper page
  11. Bau, 1995, Yttrium and holmium in South Pacific seawater: vertical distribution and possible fractionation mechanisms, Chem. Erde, 55, 1
  12. Bau, 1996, Comparison of the partitioning behaviours of yttrium, rare-earth elements, and titanium between hydrogenetic marine ferromanganese crusts and seawater, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 10.1016/0016-7037(96)00063-4 · DOI · Paper page
  13. Beukes, 1990, Geochemistry and sedimentology of a facies transition—from microbanded to granular iron-formation—in the early Proterozoic Transvaal Supergroup, South Africa, Precambrian Res., 47, 99, 10.1016/0301-9268(90)90033-M · DOI · Paper page
  14. Beukes, 1990, Carbonate petrography, kerogen distribution, and carbon and oxygen isotope variations in an early Proterozoic transition from limestone to iron-formation deposition, Transvaal Supergroup, South Africa, Econ. Geol., 85, 663, 10.2113/gsecongeo.85.4.663 · DOI
  15. Bilal, 1991, Thermodynamic study of Eu3+Eu2+ redox reaction in aqueous solutions at elevated temperatures and pressures by means of cyclic voltammetry, Z. Naturforsch., 46a, 1108, 10.1515/zna-1991-1216 · DOI
  16. Button, 1973, The depositional history of the Wolkberg proto-basin, Transvaal, Trans. Geol. Soc. S. Afr., 76, 15
  17. Clendenin, 1988, An early Proterozoic three-stage rift system, Kaapvaal Craton, South Africa, Tectonophysics, 145, 73, 10.1016/0040-1951(88)90317-4 · doi:10.1016/0040-1951(88)90317-4
  18. Clendenin, 1988, Tectonic style and mechanism of early Proterozoic successor basin development, southern Africa, Tectonophysics, 156, 275, 10.1016/0040-1951(88)90065-0 · DOI
  19. Condie, 1993, Chemical composition and evolution of the upper continental crust: contrasting results from surface samples and shales, Chem. Geol., 104, 1, 10.1016/0009-2541(93)90140-E · DOI · Paper page
  20. De Baar, 1985, Anomalies in rare-earth distributions in seawater: Gd and Tb, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 49, 1961, 10.1016/0016-7037(85)90090-0 · DOI
  21. De Baar, 1991, Solution chemistry of the rare earth elements in seawater, Eur. J. Solid State Inorg. Chem., 28, 357
  22. Dulski, 1992, Determination of minor and trace elements in four canadian iron-formation standard samples FeR-1, FeR-2, FeR-3, and FeR-4 by INAA and ICP-MS, Geostand. Newslett., 16, 325, 10.1111/j.1751-908X.1992.tb00496.x · DOI
  23. Dulski, 1994, Interferences of oxide, hydroxide and chloride analyte species in determination of rare earth elements in geological samples by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 350, 194, 10.1007/BF00322470 · DOI · Paper page
  24. Dymek, 1988, Chemistry, petrology and origin of banded iron-formation lithologies from the 3800 Ma Isua supracrustal belt, west Greenland, Precambrian Res., 39, 247, 10.1016/0301-9268(88)90022-8 · DOI · Paper page
  25. Elderfield, 1988, The oceanic chemistry of the rare-earth elements, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, A325, 105, 10.1098/rsta.1988.0046 · DOI · Paper page
  26. Eriksson, 1990, A review of the Transvaal Sequence, South Africa, J. Afr. Earth Sci., 10, 101, 10.1016/0899-5362(90)90049-K · DOI
  27. Eriksson, 1993, The Transvaal Sequence: an overview, J. Afr. Earth Sci., 16, 25, 10.1016/0899-5362(93)90160-R · DOI
  28. Fralick, 1989, Sulfide-facies iron formation at the Archean Morley occurrence, northwestern Ontario: contrasts with oceanic hydrothermal deposits, Can. Mineral., 27, 601
  29. German, 1990, Hydrothermal scavenging of rare-earth elements in the ocean, Nature, 345, 516, 10.1038/345516a0 · DOI · Paper page
  30. Hälbich, 1992, A carbonate-banded iron formation transition in the Early Proterozoicum of South Africa, J. Afr. Earth Sci., 15, 217, 10.1016/0899-5362(92)90070-S · DOI
  31. Hälbich, 1993, The Transvaal-Griqualand West banded iron formation: geology, genesis, iron exploitation, J. Afr. Earth Sci., 63, 10.1016/0899-5362(93)90162-J · DOI
  32. Jacobsen, 1988, Neodymium isotopic variations in Precambrian banded iron-formations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 15/4, 393, 10.1029/GL015i004p00393 · DOI
  33. Kawabe, 1991, Non-chondritic yttrium/holmium ratio and lanthanide tetrad effect observed in pre-Cenozoic limestones, Geochem. J., 25, 31, 10.2343/geochemj.25.31 · DOI
  34. Kempe, 1985, An early soda ocean?, Chem. Geol., 53, 95, 10.1016/0009-2541(85)90023-3 · DOI · Paper page
  35. Kimberley, 1989, Exhalative origin of iron formations, Ore Geol. Rev., 5, 13, 10.1016/0169-1368(89)90003-6 · DOI
  36. Klein, 1989, Geochemistry and sedimentology of a facies transition from limestone to iron-formation deposition in the early Proterozoic Transvaal Supergroup, South Africa, Econ. Geol., 84, 1733, 10.2113/gsecongeo.84.7.1733 · DOI · Paper page
  37. Klinkhammer, 1994, Geochemical implications of rare-earth element patterns in hydrothermal fluids from mid-ocean ridges, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 58, 5105, 10.1016/0016-7037(94)90297-6 · DOI · Paper page
  38. MacRae, 1992, Development of a positive Eu anomaly during diagenesis, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 109, 585, 10.1016/0012-821X(92)90116-D · DOI · Paper page
  39. Michard, 1993, Submarine thermal springs associated with young volcanoes: the Teahitia vents, Society Islands, Pacific Ocean, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 57, 4977, 10.1016/S0016-7037(05)80003-1 · DOI
  40. Miyano, 1984, Phase relations of stilpnomelane, ferriannite and riebeckite in very low-grade metamorphosed iron-formations, Trans. Geol. Soc. S. Afr., 87, 111
  41. Miyano, 1987, Metamorphic evidence for early post-Bushveld sills in the Penge Iron Formation, Transvaal Sequence, Eastern Transvaal, S. Afr. J. Geol., 90/1, 37
  42. Möller, 1993, Rare-earth patterns with positive cerium anomaly in alkaline waters from Lake Van, Turkey, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 117, 671, 10.1016/0012-821X(93)90110-U · DOI · Paper page
  43. Möller, 1994, Rare-earth element adsorption in a seawater profile above the East Pacific Rise, Chem. Erde, 54, 129
  44. Morgan, 1980, Rare earth elements in some hydrothermal minerals: Evidence for crystallographic control, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 44, 973, 10.1016/0016-7037(80)90286-0 · DOI · Paper page
  45. Murray, 1992, Diagenetic formation of bedded chert: Evidence from chemistry of the chert-shale couplet, Geology, 20, 271, 10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0271:DFOBCE>2.3.CO;2 · doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0271:dfobce>2.3.co;2
  46. Sharpe, 1982, Structures in Transvaal Sequence rocks within and adjacent to the eastern Bushveld Complex, Trans. Geol. Soc. S. Afr., 85, 29
  47. Sverjensky, 1984, Europium redox equilibria in aqueous solution, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 67, 70, 10.1016/0012-821X(84)90039-6 · DOI · Paper page
  48. Towe, 1991, Aerobic carbon cycling and cerium oxidation: Significance for Archean oxygen levels and banded iron-formation deposition, Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol. (Glob. Planet. Change Sect.), 97, 113, 10.1016/0031-0182(91)90187-V · DOI
  49. Walraven, 1990, A chronostratigraphic framework for the north-central Kaapvaal Craton, the Bushveld complex, and the Vredefort structure, Tectonophysics, 171, 23, 10.1016/0040-1951(90)90088-P · DOI · Paper page
  50. Wronkiewicz, 1990, Geochemistry and mineralogy of sediments from the Ventersdorp and Transvaal Supergroups, South Africa: Cratonic evolution during the early Proterozoic, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 54, 343, 10.1016/0016-7037(90)90323-D · DOI · Paper page

Cited by

See all 1,673

Metadata

Authors
Bau, M., & Dulski, P.
Venue
Precambrian Research
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
1996-07
Volume
79
Issue
1-2
Pages
37-55
ISSN
0301-9268 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/0301-9268(95)00087-9
OpenAlex
W2011801766
Cited by
1,673
References
7
FWCI
3.00
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Distribution of yttrium and rare-earth elements in the Penge and Kuruman iron-formations, Transvaal Supergroup, South Africa. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/0301-9268(95)00087-9
The paper
Bau, M., & Dulski, P. (1996). Distribution of yttrium and rare-earth elements in the Penge and Kuruman iron-formations, Transvaal Supergroup, South Africa. Precambrian Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(95)00087-9

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.