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The validation of visual analogue scales as ratio scale measures for chronic and experimental pain
Abstract
Visual analogue scales (VAS) of sensory intensity and affective magnitude were validated as ratio scale measures for both chronic and experimental pain. Chronic pain patients and healthy volunteers made VAS sensory and affective responses to 6 noxious thermal stimuli (43, 45, 47, 48, 49 and 51 degrees C) applied for 5 sec to the forearm by a contact thermode. Sensory VAS and affective VAS responses to these temperatures yielded power functions with exponents 2.1 and 3.8, respectively; these functions were similar for pain patients and for volunteers. The power functions were predictive of estimated ratios of sensation or affect produced by pairs of standard temperatures (e.g. 47 and 49 degrees C), thereby providing direct evidence for ratio scaling properties of VAS. Vas sensory intensity responses to experimental pain, VAS sensory intensity responses to different levels of chronic pain, and direct temperature (experimental pain) matches to 3 levels of chronic pain were all internally consistent, thereby demonstrating the valid use of VAS for the measurement of and comparison between chronic pain and experimental heat pain.
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“Pain reports have served as the gold standard measure of pain in clinical settings and experimental studies [64],[65],[78].”
From Distinct Brain Systems Mediate the Effects of Nociceptive Input and Self-Regulation on Pain (2015) · cites this paper as [64]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Price, D. D., McGrath, P. A., Rafii, A., & Buckingham, B.
- Affiliations
- Western University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- McGrath, Patricia A.
- ORCID
- Price, Donald D.
- Venue
- Pain
- Published
- 1983-09
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 45-56
- ISSN
- 0304-3959 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1994143652
- Cited by
- 3,921
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 177 · 2025: 195 · 2024: 186 · 2023: 177 · 2022: 172 · 2021: 192 · 2020: 238 · 2019: 158 · 2018: 152 · 2017: 160 · 2016: 154 · 2015: 167 · 2014: 137 · 2013: 152 · 2012: 141
- FWCI
- 11.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Pain (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Opioid Use
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
- Keywords
- visual analogue scale, chronic pain, experimental pain, thermal pain, sensory intensity, affective pain, power function, pain measurement validity
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Affect, Aged, Back Pain, Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Sensory Thresholds, Sick Role, Acupuncture Therapy
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