The DOI matches its Crossref record; 14 of the 14 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The consistency of facial expressions of pain: a comparison across modalities
Abstract
A number of facial actions have been found to be associated with pain. However, the consistency with which these actions occur during pain of different types has not been examined. This paper focuses on the consistency of facial expressions during pain induced by several modalities of nociceptive stimulation. Forty-one subjects were exposed to pain induced by electric shock, cold, pressure and ischemia. Facial actions during painful and pain-free periods were measured with the Facial Action Coding System. Four actions showed evidence of a consistent association with pain, increasing in likelihood, intensity or duration across all modalities: brow lowering, tightening and closing of the eye lids and nose wrinkling/upper lip raising. Factor analyses suggested that the facial actions reflected a general factor with a reasonably consistent pattern across modalities which could be combined into a sensitive single measure of pain expression. The findings suggest that the 4 actions identified carry the bulk of facial information about pain. They also provide evidence for the existence of a universal facial expression of pain. Implications of the findings for the measurement of pain expression are discussed.
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Cites
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“As noted by Prkachin and Mercer (19891, these conditions are likely to produce the confounded experience of startle which other research has found to produce blinking (Ekman et al. 1985).”
BackgroundA STRAIN GAUGE PAIN STIMULATOR
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Self-citation
Cited by
Assessing pain in critically ill sedated patients by using a behavioral pain scale
Payen, J.-F., Bru, O., Bosson, J.-L., Lagrasta, A., Novel, E., Deschaux, I., Lavagne, P., & Jacquot, C. (2001) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-200112000-00004 · Cited by 1,043
BP4D-Spontaneous: a high-resolution spontaneous 3D dynamic facial expression database
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Painful data: The UNBC-McMaster shoulder pain expression archive database
Lucey, P., Cohn, J. F., Prkachin, K. M., Solomon, P. E., & Matthews, I. (2011) · Face and Gesture 2011 · doi:10.1109/fg.2011.5771462 · Cited by 599
Self-citationPrkachin, K. M., & Solomon, P. E. (2008) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2008.04.010 · Cited by 472
Self-citationA biopsychosocial formulation of pain communication.
Hadjistavropoulos, T., Craig, K. D., Duck, S., Cano, A., Goubert, L., Jackson, P. L., Mogil, J. S., Rainville, P., Sullivan, M. J. L., Williams, A. C. D. C., et al. (2011) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0023876 · Cited by 466
Metadata
- Authors
- Prkachin, K. M.
- Venue
- Pain
- Published
- 1992-12
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 297-306
- ISSN
- 0304-3959 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2166087694
- Cited by
- 533
- References
- 14
- FWCI
- 1.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
