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Bose condensation of strongly excited longitudinal electric modes
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“In fact, earlier biophysical models (Frohlich 1968, 1977, Wu and Austin 1981) had demonstrated how systems of electric dipoles (like tubulin subunits of MTs) can “condense” into stable coherent states at high temperatures if a steady supply of metabolic energy is pumped through the system.”
From A quantum microtubule substrate of consciousness is experimentally supported and solves the binding and epiphenomenalism problems (2025) · cites this paper as Frohlich 1968
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“This was determined to be theoretically possible if the frequencies of oscillating molecular dipoles are within a narrow range around the resonant frequency and the coupling constants for their mutual interactions and their interactions with the heat bath and the energy pump are sufficiently large [15,16].”
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Chatterjee, R., Tuszyński, J. A., & Paul, R. (1983) · International Journal of Quantum Chemistry · doi:10.1002/qua.560230239 · Cited by 9
Bose condensation for the Wu-Austin Hamiltonian without pumping
Bolterauer, H., & Ludwig, L. A. (1993) · Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics · doi:10.1103/physreve.47.2122 · Cited by 9
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Mills, R. E. (1991) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.43.3176 · Cited by 9
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Yushina, M. Y. (1982) · Physics Letters A · doi:10.1016/0375-9601(82)90438-8 · Cited by 9
Illinger, K. H. (1982) · Bioelectromagnetics · doi:10.1002/bem.2250030105 · Cited by 9
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Luo, L. (1987) · International Journal of Quantum Chemistry · doi:10.1002/qua.560320404 · Cited by 8
Dynamical Transition in Dehydrated Proteins
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Bose condensation of phonons in biological systems
Moskalenko, S. A., Pokatilov, E. P., Migleǐ, M. F., & Kiselyova, E. S. (1979) · International Journal of Quantum Chemistry · doi:10.1002/qua.560160405 · Cited by 7
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The electromagnetic environment: implications for bodywork Part 1 Environmental energies
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Laboratory millimeter wave measurements of atmospheric aerosols
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Theory of Bose condensation of magnons excited by noise
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Nonthermal Microwave Resonances in Living Cells
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Fröhlich versus Bose-Einstein condensation in pumped bosonic systems
Xu, W., Bagrov, A. A., Chowdhury, F. T., Smith, L. D., Kattnig, D. R., Kappen, H. J., & Katsnelson, M. I. (2025) · Physical Review Research · doi:10.1103/physrevresearch.7.023111 · Cited by 7
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Millimeter waves in the newest agricultural biotechnologies
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A generic model for the Fröhlich rate equations
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Limit cycle model for brain waves
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On the existence of Fröhlich's long-range interactions in dipolar chains
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Computer analysis of coherent electric vibrations in biological systems
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“The rate equations in Fröhlich’s reasoning were constructed heuristically by requiring a Bose-Einstein distribution of the phonons in the absence of energy sources [1, 2].”
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Pietak, A. M. (2011) · Journal of Physics Conference Series · doi:10.1088/1742-6596/329/1/012012 · Cited by 6
Hagan, B., & Reid, B. L. (1980) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/0306-9877(80)90060-2 · Cited by 6
Biophysical Pathology in Cancer Transformation
Pokorný, J. (2014) · Journal of Clinical & Experimental Oncology · doi:10.4172/2324-9110.s1-003 · Cited by 6
“He postulated long-range quantum mechanical phase correlations, existence of electrically polar vibration modes excited far from thermal equilibrium, and generation of endogenous coherent electromagnetic field in biological systems [7-13].”
BackgroundNon-equilibrium ϕ4 theory in open systems as a toy model of quantum field theory of the brain
Nishiyama, A., & Tuszyński, J. A. (2018) · Annals of Physics · doi:10.1016/j.aop.2018.09.009 · Cited by 6
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Heat bath coupling effects on interaction between Fröhlich vibration systems
Pokorný, J., & Fiala, J. (1994) · Czechoslovak Journal of Physics · doi:10.1007/bf01691751 · Cited by 6
Nonthermal microwave emission from frog muscles
Gebbie, H. A., & Miller, P. F. (1997) · International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves · doi:10.1007/bf02678092 · Cited by 6
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Multiple quantum terms in the fröhlich kinetic equation
Pokorný, J., Vacek, K., & Fiala, J. (1986) · Physics Letters A · doi:10.1016/0375-9601(86)90574-8 · Cited by 6
Fröhlich coherent vibrations and raman scattering
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TGD BASED VIEW ABOUT LIVING MATTER AND REMOTE MENTAL INTERACTIONS
Pitkänen, M. (2012) · Cited by 5
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“…of importance in the cell (in the areas of transduction of pressure and tension, motility, mitosis, ribosomal and vesicle transport), microtubules are now also a foremost candidate for the part of generators of intracellular alternating electromagnetic fields as envisioned by Fröhlich (1968).”
BackgroundSiegel, P. H. (2012) · IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology · doi:10.1109/tthz.2012.2222637 · Cited by 5
Pokorný, J., Jelínek, F., Trkal, V., & Šrobár, F. (1999) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-4867-6_232 · Cited by 5
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Study of the interaction forces in human CD4Ly
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THz Magneto-Optics of Charge Oscillations in Coupled Quantum Wells
Huggard, P. G., Andrews, S. R., Shaw, C. J., Cluff, J. A., & Grey, R. (1997) · physica status solidi (a) · doi:10.1002/1521-396x(199711)164:1
Murakami, H. (2025) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.jpclett.5c00161 · Cited by 4
Non-Equilibrium Quantum Brain Dynamics: Water Coupled with Phonons and Photons
Nishiyama, A., Tanaka, S., & Tuszyński, J. A. (2024) · Entropy · doi:10.3390/e26110981 · Cited by 3
Endogenous electromagnetic fields in plant leaves: a new hypothesis for vascular pattern formation
Pietak, A. M. (2011) · Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine · doi:10.3109/15368378.2011.566779 · Cited by 4
“Frohlich demonstrated that coherent vibration of a system of dipolar molecules could occur, and that this would generate an associated EM field (Frohlich, 1968).”
BackgroundMethodNew Results about Microtubules as Quantum Systems
Pitkänen, M. (2014) · DNA Decipher Journal · doi:10.13140/rg.2.2.21232.20482 · Cited by 4
A range of fields over the spectrum in a cell colony may control the timing of its cell cycle
Fleming, A. H. J. (2017) · Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Spring (PIERS-Spring) · doi:10.1109/piers.2017.8262346 · Cited by 4
“At the same time ‘long range effects’ of mm waves, a distance of ∼100 cells, are hard to see microscopically let alone understood [3, 10, 11].”
BackgroundNonequilibrium quantum brain dynamics
Nishiyama, A., Tanaka, S., & Tuszyński, J. A. (2020) · Advances in quantum chemistry · doi:10.1016/bs.aiq.2020.08.003 · Cited by 4
Ebeling, W., Velárde, M. G., CHETVERIKOV, A. P., & Hennig, D. (2009) · NATO science for peace and security series. A, Chemistry and biology · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-2590-6_9 · Cited by 4
Role of Weak Energy Fluxes in the Formation of Coherent Structures in Macromolecular Media
Karimov, A. R., & Shcheglov, V. A. (2000) · Journal of Russian Laser Research · doi:10.1023/a:1009584427709 · Cited by 4
Dynamics of DNA Excited States
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Heat Bath Coupling Effects in Coherent Vibration Systems
Pokorný, J., & Fiala, J. (1992) · Europhysics Letters (EPL) · doi:10.1209/0295-5075/19/8/012 · Cited by 4
Electrical Vibrations of Yeast Cell Membrane
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Quantum Mind, Magnetic Body, and Biological Body
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Quantum theory of an exciton condensate subject to radiative decay
Stenius, P. (1999) · Physical review. B, Condensed matter · doi:10.1103/physrevb.60.14072 · Cited by 4
On possible mechanisms of rouleau formation in human erythrocytes
Tuszyński, J. A. (1988) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1016/s0022-5193(88)80221-2 · Cited by 4
Useful perspective on the relation between biological and physical descriptions of phenomena
Miller, D. A. (1991) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1016/s0022-5193(05)80199-7 · Cited by 4
Quantum mechanical coherence in red blood cells: No experimental evidence
Müller‐Herold, U., Lutz, H. U., & Kedem, O. (1987) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1016/s0022-5193(87)80233-3 · Cited by 4
Computer simulation of the Fröhlich coherent vibrations
Pokorný, J., Fiala, J., & Vacek, K. (1991) · Czechoslovak Journal of Physics · doi:10.1007/bf01613547 · Cited by 4
Quantum Brain Dynamics and Virtual Reality
Nishiyama, A., Tanaka, S., & Tuszyński, J. A. (2024) · Biosystems · doi:10.1016/j.biosystems.2024.105259 · Cited by 3
New Kind of Condensation of Bose Particles Through Stimulated Processes
Svidzinsky, A. A., Yuan, L., & Scully, M. O. (2022) · Journal of Low Temperature Physics · doi:10.1007/s10909-021-02665-w · Cited by 3
“In 1968, Fröhlich showed that the energy of a driven set of oscillators would condense at the lowest vibrational mode once the external energy supply exceeds a threshold [8, 26].”
Khrennikov, A. Y. (2022) · Kybernetes · doi:10.1108/k-10-2021-0932 · Cited by 3
Fröhlich electromagnetic field generated by living cells: Computer results
Pokorný, J., Vacek, K., & Fiala, J. (1984) · Journal of Biological Physics · doi:10.1007/bf01870557 · Cited by 3
Metal, EMF, and Brain Energy Metabolism
Vojtíšek, M., Knotková, J., Kašparová, L., et al. (2009) · Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1080/15368370902724872 · Cited by 3
“Address correspondence to Max Vojtı́šek, National Institute of Public Health, Šrobárova 48, 100 42, Prague 10, Czech Republic; E-mail: maxvojt@szu.cz 188 According to Fröhlich (1968), coherent excitations of dipole structures are the backbone of potential microwaves biological effects.”
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Reimers, J. R. (2016) · Australian Journal of Chemistry · doi:10.1071/ch16489 · Cited by 3
The Electromagnetic Environment
Oschman, J. L. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-06729-7.00016-8 · Cited by 3
Excitation relaxation in a molecular chain and energy transfer at steady state
Tay, B. A. (2021) · Physical review. E · doi:10.1103/physreve.103.042124 · Cited by 3
“In the special case of sufficiently high power source, the steady state exciton occupation numbers can be approximated analytically [26, 27].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialModel for deformation of cells from external electric fields at or near resonant frequencies
Martínez, L., Dhruv, A., Lin, L., Balaras, E., & Keidar, M. (2020) · Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express · doi:10.1088/2057-1976/abc05e · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Fröhlich, H.
- Affiliations
- University of Liverpool (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Fröhlich, H.
- Venue
- Physics Letters A
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1968-03
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 402-403
- ISSN
- 0375-9601 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2020018260
- Cited by
- 273
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 1.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Physics Letters A (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Dust and Plasma Wave Phenomena
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Strong Light-Matter Interactions
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum and Classical Electrodynamics
- Keywords
- Bose-Einstein condensation, excitation energy distribution
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