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Bose condensation of strongly excited longitudinal electric modes
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“In fact, earlier biophysical models (Frohlich 1968, 1977, Wu and Austin 1981) had demonstrated how systems of electric dipoles (like tubulin subunits of MTs) can “condense” into stable coherent states at high temperatures if a steady supply of metabolic energy is pumped through the system.”
From A quantum microtubule substrate of consciousness is experimentally supported and solves the binding and epiphenomenalism problems (2025) · cites this paper as Frohlich 1968
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Items 201–275 of 275
Renormalization in Quantum Brain Dynamics
Nishiyama, A., Tanaka, S., & Tuszyński, J. A. (2023) · AppliedMath · doi:10.3390/appliedmath3010009 · Cited by 3
Resonant interactions between biological molecules
Zandt, L. L. V. (1978) · Journal of Biological Physics · doi:10.1007/bf02328935 · Cited by 3
Normal modes of a two-dimensional lattice of interacting dipoles
Westhaus, P. A. (1981) · Journal of Biological Physics · doi:10.1007/bf01988220 · Cited by 2
The Fröhlich kinetic equation with additional terms
Pokorný, J., Vacek, K., & Fiala, J. (1986) · Czechoslovak Journal of Physics · doi:10.1007/bf01959569 · Cited by 3
Analysis of the Fröhlich Metastable States
Nestorović, Z., Ristovski, L. M., & Davidović, G. (1998) · Physica Scripta · doi:10.1088/0031-8949/58/3/015 · Cited by 3
A change in the rate of heterogeneous chemical reactions due to the presence of Toda solitons
Salarić, M. V., Tuszyński, J. A., Žakula, R. B., et al. (1992) · Surface Science · doi:10.1016/0039-6028(92)90053-9 · Cited by 3
Scott, A. C. (1985) · Springer series in synergetics · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-02449-2_33 · Cited by 5
From Theoretical Physics to Biology: The Forward Path of Theory with Herbert Fröhlich
Hyland, G. (1987) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-71867-0_14 · Cited by 4
Negative entropy production in L-lactate dehydrogenase kinetics
Stepanov, A., & Stepanov, M. A. (2023) · Archive of biochemistry. · doi:10.17352/ab.000007 · Cited by 2
Bose–Einstein condensation threshold in a parametrically populated magnon gas (Review article)
Melkov, G. A., Slavin, A. N., Hillebrands, B., et al. (2025) · Low Temperature Physics · doi:10.1063/10.0037096 · Cited by 2
Electromagnetic communication between cells through tunnelling nanotubes
Pokorný, J., Pokorný, J., & Vrba, J. (2019) · Cited by 2
Baskaran, G. (2002) · Pramana · doi:10.1007/s12043-002-0026-9 · Cited by 2
Preoteasa, E. A., & Negoita, C. (2011) · Journal of Physics Conference Series · doi:10.1088/1742-6596/329/1/012002 · Cited by 2
Ultra Low Frequency Yeast Cells Electric Activity
Cifra, M., Pokorný, J., Jelinek, F., Hašek, J., & Šimša, J. (2008) · Conference on Microwave Techniques (COMITE) · doi:10.1109/comite.2008.4569910 · Cited by 2
“Electrically polar vibrations in biological systems have been postulated by Fr¨ ohlich [ 1 , 2, 3, 4]. Vibrations of electrically polar structures in cells are fundamental source of electromagnetic field in cells.”
Mezzasalma, S. A. (2011) · Journal of Colloid and Interface Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2011.05.007 · Cited by 2
Different Aspects of Ultra-weak Photon Emissions: A Review Article
Rafii‐Tabar, H., & Rafieiolhosseini, N. (2015) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · doi:10.22038/ijmp.2015.6216 · Cited by 2
“In 1968, Fröhlich claimed that electrically polar structures in biological systems contain charged particles, which vibrate coherently and generate electromagnetic fields under certain conditions [29].”
BackgroundCiobanu, N., Rusu, S., & Tronciu, V. (2015) · E-Health and Bioengineering Conference (EHB) · doi:10.1109/ehb.2015.7391369 · Cited by 2
“Fröhlich in 1968 [11] and further developed in [12-17].”
MethodIdentical spin rotation effect and electron spin waves in quantum gas of atomic hydrogen
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Electrostatic Modulation of Electromagnetically Induced Nonthermal Responses in Biological Membranes
Bond, J. D., & Huth, G. C. (1986) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-2105-7_10 · Cited by 2
Preoteasa, E. A., & Apostol, M. (2008) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.0812.0275 · Cited by 2
“based on their integrative features, such as the emergence of self-organization and hierarchies of collective order, has been set up by Fröhlich’s model of long-range coherence in living systems (see Fröhlich 1968a,b, 1975, 1978, 1980, 1982). This is consistent to the quantum electrodynamics (QED) model of condensed m…”
BackgroundInfluentialSolitary waves and macromolecular systems
Bhaumik, D., DUTTAROY, B., & Lahiri, A. (1982) · Bulletin of Mathematical Biology · doi:10.1016/s0092-8240(82)80009-8 · Cited by 3
Generalization of Fröhlich's thermodynamic model of the living state phase transition
Tuszyński, J. A. (1985) · Physics Letters A · doi:10.1016/0375-9601(85)90855-2 · Cited by 2
Biological systems and the rumored animate-sentient like aspect of physical phenomena
Miller, D. A. (1990) · Journal of Biological Physics · doi:10.1007/bf00418878 · Cited by 2
Ion Transport Across Cell Membranes
Holland, B. W. (1973) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-86003-4_36 · Cited by 2
Dynamical thermalization and turbulence in social stratification models
Frahm, K. M., & Shepelyansky, D. L. (2026) · Chaos An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science · doi:10.1063/5.0335547 · Cited by 1
Terahertz Pioneer: Fritz Keilmann - "RF Biophysics: From strong field to near field"
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Control Dynamics of the Generated Frohlich Photons by Biological System
Gubceac, N., Ciobanu, N., & Tronciu, V. (2022) · E-Health and Bioengineering Conference (EHB) · doi:10.1109/ehb55594.2022.9991356 · Cited by 1
“Frohlich’s theory [14,15] explains the influence of highfrequency electromagnetic waves on biomacromolecules.”
BackgroundControl of interaction of millimeter waves with biological media
Ciobanu, N., Grabovschi, I., Gubceac, N., Oloinic, T., & Tronciu, V. (2019) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/1.5090078 · Cited by 1
Electromagnetic communication between cells through tunneling nanotubes
Pokorný, J., Pokorný, J., & Vrba, J. (2020) · International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies · doi:10.1017/s175907872000046x · Cited by 1
Two-step method of the measurement data processing of the high-sensitivity radiometric system
Перегудов, С. Н., Yanenko, O., & Dolich, D. O. (2016) · Вісник Національного технічного університету України Київський політехнічний інститут. Серія: Радіотехніка. Радіоапаратобудування · doi:10.20535/radap.2016.65.79-89 · Cited by 1
Far Infrared Spectra of Biomolecules
Hasted, J. B. (1987) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-71867-0_19 · Cited by 1
Gibt es mikrowelleninduzierte nicht‐thermische Effekte in biologischen Systemen?
Nimtz, G. (1984) · Physikalische Blätter · doi:10.1002/phbl.19840400405 · Cited by 1
An assessment of possible energy migration mechanisms in irradiated DNA
Baverstock, K. F., & Cundall, R. B. (1991) · International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation Part C Radiation Physics and Chemistry · doi:10.1016/1359-0197(91)90170-7 · Cited by 1
Spectral transformation of the energy in Fröhlich systems
Kouba, O. (1998) · Czechoslovak Journal of Physics · doi:10.1023/a:1021256717453 · Cited by 1
Physical Aspects of Plant Photosynthesis
Drissler, F. (1988) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-73309-3_7 · Cited by 1
Raman Spectroscopy in Photobiological Research
Drissler, F. (1982) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-68202-5_15
Anton, E., Rotaru, A., Covatariu, D., Ciobica, A. S., Timofte, D. V., & Anton, C. (2015) · International Letters of Chemistry Physics and Astronomy · doi:10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.56.10
“Fröhlich [3-5].”
Individual and Collective Trade-Offs in Small World Decisions
Sen, P., & Laik, M. N. (2014) · IEEE Conference on Business Informatics · doi:10.1109/cbi.2014.38
Daily Variation of Photon Emission Intensity from the Human Hands
Cifra, M., van Wijk, E., Koch, H., Bosman, S., & Wijk, R. V. (2007) · International Conference Radioelektronika · doi:10.1109/radioelek.2007.371665
“The Electrically polar vibrations, what implies generation control room contained the electrical equipment (high of electromagnetic field, in biological systems have been voltage supply for photomultiplier tube (PMT), PMT predicted by Froihlich [1-4].”
BackgroundOn the possibility of Bose condensation of optical modes in polar semiconductors
Paranjape, V. V., & Krishnamurthy, B. S. (1970) · Journal of Physics C Solid State Physics · doi:10.1088/0022-3719/3/10/011
Rotaru, A., Ciobanu, N., Rusu, D. B., et al. (2007) · International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA) · doi:10.1109/iceaa.2007.4387488
Possible Varieties of States Consistent With Fröhlich’s Conjecture
Bajpai, R. P. (1990) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-009-1890-0_16
On the possible role of the nitrogen atom in living matter
Trkal, V. (1999) · Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics · doi:10.1016/s0302-4598(99)00013-6
Steady states in the extended Fröhlich model of far-from-equilibrium energy transport
Mills, R. E. (1990) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.41.2196
Millimeter-Wave and Far-Infrared Spectroscopic Properties of Cellular Systems
Illinger, K. H. (1984) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-2789-9_33
Theoretical Treatment of Millimeter and Terahertz Radiation Action on Biological Media
Ciobanu, N., Vovc, V., Saulea, A., et al. (2015) · World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, September 7 - 12, 2009, Munich, Germany · doi:10.1007/978-981-287-736-9_68
Some Applications of Coherent State Representation to Nonlinear Bio-Oscillators
Dutt, R. (1983) · Lecture notes in biomathematics · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-87893-0_33
Oschman, J. L. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-06729-7.00011-9
History of mm-therapy. Biophysical mechanisms (evolution of opinions)
Betsky, O. V., & Yaremenko, Y. G. (2005) · International Crimean Conference Microwave & Telecommunication Technology (CriMiCo) · doi:10.1109/crmico.2005.1564806
Low-Frequency vibrational dynamics of a solvated microtubule
Moix, J. M., Parker, J. E. S., & Echchgadda, I. (2017) · International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz) · doi:10.1109/irmmw-thz.2017.8067186
“MTs have been considered as the most plausible candidates for the Fröhlich condensation hypothesis [1], in which a significant portion of the available vibrational energy condenses into a single, long lifetime, low-energy mode.”
BackgroundEnhanced Excitation in Biosystem
Wu, T. M. (1990) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-009-1890-0_2
Generation of Biological Electromagnetic Field by Microtubules
Pokorný, J., Pokorný, J., & Vrba, J. (2019) · European Microwave Conference (EuMC)
Electromagnetic radiation of oscillating thin films
Kharlanov, A. V. (2019) · ITM Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/itmconf/20193006004
“He substantiated the possibility of coherent excitation of plasma membranes of cells or its individual areas at the range of frequencies of 10(11) – 10(12) Hz, which corresponds to MM waves [7].”
BackgroundModel for Deformation of Cells from External Electric Fields at or Near Resonant FrequenciesPreprint
Martínez, L., Dhruv, A., Lin, L., Balaras, E., & Keidar, M. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.05.01.072272
Bose–Einstein Condensation of Magnons
Rezende, S. M. (2020) · Lecture notes in physics · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-41317-0_7
A Bose–Einstein condensate is a Bose condensate in the laboratory ground state
McPhail, A. V. H., & Hoogerland, M. D. (2021) · Proceedings of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspa.2021.0465
“Fröhlich [18] conjectured that Bose condensation could occur in biological systems, but he may not have identified the correct dipole molecules [19].”
Background(2002) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012100071-4/50009-5
Hyland, G. (1973) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-86003-4_42
Quantum Brain Dynamics in 2+1 dimensions: Non-equilibrium analysis towards memory formations
Nishiyama, A., Tanaka, S., & Tuszyński, J. A. (2022) · Physica A Statistical Mechanics and its Applications · doi:10.1016/j.physa.2022.127397
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A Bose-Einstein condensate is a Bose condensate in the laboratory ground statePreprint
McPhail, A. V. H. (2021) · doi:10.51669/natphil-002-2
The electromagnetic environment
(2000) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-06261-2.50017-5
Anton, E., Rotaru, A., Covatariu, D., et al. (2015) · International Letters of Chemistry Physics and Astronomy · doi:10.56431/p-l9444r
Energy transfer in quantum molecular chain – Two models of inhomogeneity
Tay, B. A. (2023) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/5.0140148
“When the power of the source exceeds certain limit, the excitations will “condense” to the lowest mode [14, 15].”
BackgroundResultQuantum Brain Dynamics: History and New Perspectives
NISHIYAMA, A., & Tanaka, S. (2024) · Journal of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science · doi:10.4288/kisoron.51.1-2_57
Baskaran, G., & May, A. R. (2024) · Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics · doi:10.1088/1361-6455/ad3ff4
GENERATION AND CONTROL OF CHAOTIC BEHAVIOUR OF PHOTONS AND PHONONS IN BIOLOGICAL MEDIA
Gubceac, N., Ciobanu, N., & Tronciu, V. (2025) · Journal of Engineering Science · doi:10.52326/jes.utm.2025.32(1).07
“The first theory that is focused on the generation of MM waves by the living cells was proposed by Fröhlich [16].”
Terahertz Vibrational Condensation in Out-of-Equilibrium Nanoscale Reverse Micelles
Murakami, H. (2026) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.5c16008
Quantum biology: The secret behind the extraordinary efficiency of organisms
Madl, P. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-33018-6.00001-4
Phonon condensation and cooling via nonlinear feedback
Zheng, X., & Li, B. (2026) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/ddmz-8kvk
Beyond Redfield: Thermodynamic Bounds and Non-Perturbative Quantum Dynamics in Tubulin NetworksPreprint
Firmenich, F., Firmenich, P., & Firmenich, L. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.05.10.724047
A thermodynamic model of biological cells in Hamiltonian Space
Poudel, R. C., McGowan, J., & González‐Mora, E. (2026) · Biosystems · doi:10.1016/j.biosystems.2026.105925 · Cited by 1
Quantum Biology 2.0: Traversing and harnessing protein superhighway networks of light and life
Christ, M., Izadyari, M., Murray, J., Bajpai, S., Torres, J., Pettini, M., & Kurian, P. (2026) · Protein Science · doi:10.1002/pro.70759
Measurement of Temperature Synchronized Yeast Cells kHz Electrical Oscillations
Cifra, M., Pokorný, J., Jelínek, F., Hašek, J., & Šimša, J. (2008) · World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, September 7 - 12, 2009, Munich, Germany · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-69367-3_162
Metadata
- Authors
- Fröhlich, H.
- Affiliations
- University of Liverpool (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Fröhlich, H.
- Venue
- Physics Letters A
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1968-03
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 402-403
- ISSN
- 0375-9601 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2020018260
- Cited by
- 273
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 1.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Physics Letters A (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Dust and Plasma Wave Phenomena
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Strong Light-Matter Interactions
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum and Classical Electrodynamics
- Keywords
- Bose-Einstein condensation, excitation energy distribution
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