The DOI matches its Crossref record; 25 of the 25 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Early smoking initiation and nicotine dependence in a cohort of young adults
Open accessAbstract
We examined the extent to which nicotine dependence and daily smoking might vary by age at first cigarette. The potential confounding effects of sex, race and history of childhood behaviour problems were examined as well. A sample of 1200 was randomly selected from the subset of 21-30-year-old members of a large HMO in the Detroit SMSA; 1007 (84%) agreed to participate. Personal interviews were conducted in respondents' homes, using the NIMH-DIS to elicit information on DSM-III-R diagnoses, including nicotine dependence. Controlling for sex and race, persons who smoked their first cigarette at 14 to 16 years of age were 1.6 times more likely to become dependent than those who initiated smoking at an older age (P = 0.03). The association was unchanged when history of childhood behaviour problems was also controlled. Smoking initiation before age 14 was not associated with increased probability of dependence. Persons who initiated smoking before age 14 had a longer lag time to daily smoking and a lower likelihood of progressing to daily smoking, compared to persons who initiated smoking later on. The findings suggest that, among persons who have ever smoked, there might be two distinct groups in whom the chances of developing dependence are considerably reduced. The first comprises persons who delayed first use until age 17. The second comprises persons who smoked their first cigarette before age 14, a group in whom the progression to daily smoking might be markedly slower than in persons who initiated smoking when they were older.
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“Very precocious or early initiation of drug use has been associated with a greater likelihood of later drug problems, and with progression to the use of other drug types ([Anthony and Petronis, 1995](#R2); [Breslau et al., 1993](#R4); [Brook et al., 1999](#R5); [Grant et al., 2005](#R14); [Newcomb and Bentler, 1988](#R27); [Storr et al., 2004](#R32); [Wagner and Anthony, 2002](#R34)), but the”
From Epidemiological patterns of extra-medical drug use in the United States: Evidence from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication, 2001–2003 (2007) · cites this paper as Breslau et al., 1993
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Cites
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Donovan, J. E., & Jessor, R. (1985) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.53.6.890 · Cited by 935
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Breslau, N. (1991) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1991.01810360033005 · Cited by 634
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Anthony, J. C., Warner, L. A., & Kessler, R. C. (1994) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/1064-1297.2.3.244 · Cited by 1,341
Age at first alcohol use: a risk factor for the development of alcohol disorders
DeWit, D. J., Adlaf, E. M., Offord, D. R., & Ogborne, A. C. (2000) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.157.5.745 · Cited by 1,187
Community studies on adolescent substance use, abuse, or dependence and psychiatric comorbidity.
Armstrong, T. D., & Costello, E. J. (2002) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.70.6.1224 · Cited by 716
Breslau, N., & Peterson, E. L. (1996) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.86.2.214 · Cited by 682
Laviola, G., Macrı̀, S., Morley-Fletcher, S., & Adriani, W. (2003) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(03)00006-x · Cited by 621
Metadata
- Authors
- Breslau, N., Fenn, N., & Peterson, E. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Breslau, Naomi
- Venue
- Drug and Alcohol Dependence
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1993-09
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 129-137
- ISSN
- 0376-8716 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2003119475
- Cited by
- 285
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 3.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Locations
- Drug and Alcohol Dependence (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5k02mh000380-10)
- National Institute of Mental Health (KO2 MH-00380, K02 MH-00380, R01MH048802, MH-48802)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
- Keywords
- smoking initiation, nicotine dependence, young adults, daily smoking, child behavior problems, sex differences, racial differences, adolescent smoking
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Antisocial Personality Disorder, Black or African American, Child, Child Behavior Disorders, Female, Humans, Male, Personality Development, Smoking, White People
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