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FACS-optimized mutants of the green fluorescent protein (GFP)
Open accessAbstract
We have constructed a library in Escherichia coli of mutant gfp genes (encoding green fluorescent protein, GFP) expressed from a tightly regulated inducible promoter. We introduced random amino acid (aa) substitutions in the twenty aa flanking the chromophore Ser-Tyr-Gly sequence at aa 65-67. We then used fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) to select variants of GFP that fluoresce between 20-and 35-fold more intensely than wild type (wt), when excited at 488 nm. Sequence analysis reveals three classes of aa substitutions in GFP. All three classes of mutant proteins have highly shifted excitation maxima. In addition, when produced in E. coli, the folding of the mutant proteins is more efficient than folding of wt GFP. These two properties contribute to a greatly increased (100-fold) fluorescence intensity, making the mutants useful for a number of applications.
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Cited by
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Davies, D. G., Parsek, M. R., Pearson, J. P., Iglewski, B. H., Costerton, J. W., & Greenberg, E. P. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.280.5361.295 · Cited by 3,396
Hoang, T. T., Karkhoff-Schweizer, R. R., Kutchma, A. J., & Schweizer, H. P. (1998) · Gene · doi:10.1016/s0378-1119(98)00130-9 · Cited by 1,922
Single-cell proteomic analysis of S. cerevisiae reveals the architecture of biological noise
Newman, J. R. S., Ghaemmaghami, S., Ihmels, J., Breslow, D. K., Noble, M., DeRisi, J. L., & Weissman, J. S. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04785 · Cited by 1,483
Bikard, D., Jiang, W., Samai, P., Hochschild, A., Zhang, F., & Marraffini, L. A. (2013) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkt520 · Cited by 1,145
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Metadata
- Authors
- Cormack, B. P., Valdivia, R. H., & Falkow, S.
- Venue
- Gene
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1996
- Volume
- 173
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 33-38
- ISSN
- 0378-1119 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4233808990
- Cited by
- 2,620
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 80.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
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- Cormack, B. P., Valdivia, R. H., & Falkow, S. (1996). FACS-optimized mutants of the green fluorescent protein (GFP). Gene. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-1119(95)00685-0
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