Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 364

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

“Artificial muscle”: Electromechanical actuators using polyaniline films

Open access
Kaneto, K., Kaneko, M., Min, Y., MacDiarmid, Alan G.·1995·Synthetic Metals

Abstract

Polyaniline films are found to expand and contract by electrochemical oxidation and reduction, respectively. Two polyaniline films are used as cathode and anode muscles. In this system, the proton transfer between the films are essential chemical reaction. Two types of actuators, viz., “Backbone-type” and “Shell-type” actuators have been fabricated. The “Backbone-type” actuator responded to the frequency of more than 44Hz. The “Shell-type” actuator can be operated in free space.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/0379-6779(94)03226-v

Cites

2 of 2 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 2 references

Cited by

See all 364

Metadata

Authors
Kaneto, K., Kaneko, M., Min, Y., & MacDiarmid, A. G.
Venue
Synthetic Metals
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
1995-04
Volume
71
Issue
1-3
Pages
2211-2212
ISSN
0379-6779 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2096586994
Cited by
364
References
2
FWCI
5.01
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
hybrid

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: “Artificial muscle”: Electromechanical actuators using polyaniline films. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/0379-6779(94)03226-v
The paper
Kaneto, K., Kaneko, M., Min, Y., & MacDiarmid, A. G. (1995). “Artificial muscle”: Electromechanical actuators using polyaniline films. Synthetic Metals. https://doi.org/10.1016/0379-6779(94)03226-v

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.