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Unlike standard WKB derivations, our assumptions do not require the clock to be large or massive, so non-clock degrees can be more than a small perturbation and the clock need not have nearly zero energy.
“In particular, in contrast to standard derivations [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] of evolution through the use of the WKB approximation, our assumptions do not imply that the clock is large or massive so that the non-clock degrees of freedom may, in this approach, represent more than a small perturbation and the clock need not be in a state with nearly zero energy †.”
From Almost ideal clocks in quantum cosmology: a brief derivation of time (1995) · cites this paper as [10]
Cites
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Supercooled phase transitions in the very early universe
Hawking, S. W., & Moss, I. L. (1982) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/0370-2693(82)90946-7 · Cited by 816 · see citing works
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The cosmological constant problem
Weinberg, S. (1989) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.61.1 · Cited by 7,341 · see citing works
Cosmological consequences of a rolling homogeneous scalar field
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Time in quantum gravity: An hypothesis
Rovelli, C. (1991) · Physical Review D · doi:10.1103/physrevd.43.442 · Cited by 445 · see citing works
Predictions from Quantum Cosmology
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Almost ideal clocks in quantum cosmology: a brief derivation of time
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- Authors
- Banks, T.
- Affiliations
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (US)
- Corresponding author
- Banks, T.
- ORCID
- Banks, T.
- Venue
- Nuclear Physics B
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1985-01
- Volume
- 249
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 332-360
- ISSN
- 0550-3213 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1986721800
- Cited by
- 449
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 8.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.osti.gov
- Locations
- Nuclear Physics B (publishedVersion)
- Rutgers University Community Repository (Rutgers University) (submittedVersion)
- OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Statistical and Nonlinear Physics › Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Relativity and Gravitational Theory
- Keywords
- quantum gravity, cosmology, spontaneous symmetry breaking, arrow of time, cosmological constant, initial conditions, Bose fields, flat potential, long-wavelength limit
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