Cited by 198Substance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesOpioid Use Disorder TreatmentPsychotherapy Techniques and Applications

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An intensive outpatient approach for cocaine abuse treatment

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Rawson, Richard A., Shoptaw, Steven J., Obert, Jeanne L., McCann, Michael J., Hasson, Albert L., Marinelli-Casey, Patricia J., Brethen, Paul R., Ling, Walter·1995·Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment

DOI 10.1016/0740-5472(94)00080-b

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Abstract

The Matrix model of outpatient treatment was developed during the 1980s in response to an overwhelming demand for cocaine abuse treatment services. The model was constructed using components based upon empirically supported findings from the substance abuse research field. Over the course of development, data were collected on the treatment model and the model was modified based upon empirical evaluation. A pilot study comparing the Matrix outpatient model with an inpatient hospital treatment program produced preliminary support for the clinical utility of the model. An open trial comparing publicly and privately funded patients demonstrated that patients with fewer resources were more difficult to engage and retain in this model of outpatient treatment. In a controlled trial, a clear positive relationship was documented between duration and amount of treatment involvement in the Matrix model and positive outcome at 1 year. Due to a variety of methodological issues, the study was not able to answer definitively the question of clinical efficacy. In all of these studies, patients treated with the Matrix model demonstrated statistically significant reductions in drug and alcohol use and improvements in psychological indicators. This body of work, along with the public acceptance the model has received in the treatment community, support the usefulness of this intensive outpatient approach for cocaine abuse. Further research is underway to provide additional controlled information on the value of this treatment approach.

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Authors: Rawson, R. A., Shoptaw, S. J., Obert, J. L., McCann, M. J., Hasson, A. L., Marinelli-Casey, P. J., Brethen, P. R., & Ling, W.
Affiliations: Matrix Institute on Addictions (US)
Corresponding author: Rawson, Richard A.
ORCID: Rawson, Richard A.
Shoptaw, Steven J.
McCann, Michael J.
Ling, Walter
Venue: Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1995-03
Volume: 12
Issue: 2
Pages: 117-127
ISSN: 0740-5472 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/0740-5472(94)00080-b
OpenAlex: W1967080904
Cited by: 197
References: 20
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 8
FWCI: 2.07
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (1r18da006185-01, 5r44da005778-03, 1r43da005778-01)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (R18 DA-06185, R44 DA05778-02, R43 DA05778-01)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
Keywords: cocaine abuse, intensive outpatient treatment, matrix models, outpatient addiction treatment, treatment engagement and retention, alcohol consumption, psychological outcomes, inpatient versus outpatient comparison
MeSH terms: Alcoholism, Ambulatory Care, Cocaine, Humans, Pilot Projects, Treatment Outcome, Substance-Related Disorders

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An intensive outpatient approach for cocaine abuse treatment

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