The DOI matches its Crossref record; 370 of the 370 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Chemistry and biochemistry of 4-hydroxynonenal, malonaldehyde and related aldehydes
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation often occurs in response to oxidative stress, and a great diversity of aldehydes are formed when lipid hydroperoxides break down in biological systems. Some of these aldehydes are highly reactive and may be considered as second toxic messengers which disseminate and augment initial free radical events. The aldehydes most intensively studied so far are 4-hydroxynonenal, 4-hydroxyhexenal, and malonaldehyde. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary on the chemical properties of these aldehydes, the mechanisms of their formation and their occurrence in biological systems and methods for their determination. We will also review the reactions of 4-hydroxyalkenals and malonaldehyde with biomolecules (amino acids, proteins, nucleic acid bases), their metabolism in isolated cells and excretion in whole animals, as well as the many types of biological activities described so far, including cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, chemotactic activity, and effects on cell proliferation and gene expression. Structurally related compounds, such as acrolein, crotonaldehyde, and other 2-alkenals are also briefly discussed, since they have some properties in common with 4-hydroxyalkenals.
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“These effects include the up-or down-regulation of the synthesis of resistin (138) , leptin, adiponectin (139) , lipocalin 2 (140) , osteopontin (141) , and of insulin itself.”
From Dietary factors and low-grade inflammation in relation to overweight and obesity (2011) · cites this paper as [139]
In the citing paper
“The direct assessment of MDA and 4-HNE is not very sensitive, since the major portion of these reactive aldehydes is attached to proteins or other biomolecules and therefore before analysis, should be released, otherwise, they remain undetected (Esterbauer et al. 1991).”
From Reactive Oxygen Species, Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Chronic Diseases and Aging (2023) · cites this paper as Esterbauer et al. 1991
In the citing paper
“Reactive aldehydes from lipid peroxidation have biological active functions [59].”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Esterbauer, H., Schaur, R. J., & Zollner, H.
- Affiliations
- University of Graz (AT)
- Corresponding author
- Esterbauer, Hermann
- Venue
- Free Radical Biology and Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1991
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 81-128
- ISSN
- 0891-5849 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2057522312
- Cited by
- 6,672
- References
- 370
- Citations by year
- 2026: 109 · 2025: 116 · 2024: 119 · 2023: 159 · 2022: 156 · 2021: 217 · 2020: 221 · 2019: 210 · 2018: 192 · 2017: 198 · 2016: 224 · 2015: 243 · 2014: 257 · 2013: 261 · 2012: 290
- FWCI
- 6.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Free Radical Biology and Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cancer and biochemical research
- Keywords
- 4-hydroxynonenal, malondialdehyde, lipid peroxidation, lipid hydroperoxides, 4-hydroxyhexenal, 2-alkenals, acrolein, crotonaldehyde, oxidative stress, aldehyde determination, aldehyde metabolism, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, chemotactic activity, cell proliferation, gene expression
- MeSH terms
- Aldehydes, Animals, Free Radicals, Humans, Malondialdehyde
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