Cited by 230Statistical Methods in Clinical TrialsStatistical Methods in EpidemiologyStatistical Methods and Bayesian Inference

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 38 of the 38 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Statistical considerations in the design and analysis of community intervention trials

Donner, Allan, Klar, Neil·1996·Journal of Clinical Epidemiology

DOI 10.1016/0895-4356(95)00511-0

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Community intervention trials are often characterized by the allocation of intact social units to different intervention groups. The assessment of adequate sample size for such trials must take into account the statistical dependencies among responses observed within an allocated unit. However, the small numbers of units typically involved in such trials imply that many methods of analysis that have been proposed for analyzing correlated data, particularly in the case of a dichotomous outcome variable, are not applicable to such designs. In this article we investigate this issue and determine the minimum number of units required per group, for the case of both a dichotomous and a continuous outcome variable, needed to provide adequate statistical power for detecting various levels of treatment effect. The use of significance testing as a method of detecting intracluster correlation is also investigated, and, in general, discouraged.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/0895-4356(95)00511-0

Cites

38 of 38 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models
LIANG, K.-Y., & ZEGER, S. L. (1986) · Biometrika · doi:10.1093/biomet/73.1.13 · Cited by 18,550
Practical Nonparametric Statistics
Groggel, D. J., & Conover, W. J. (2000) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1271101 · Cited by 11,076
A power primer.
Cohen, J. (1992) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037//0033-2909.112.1.155 · Cited by 8,771
The Analysis of Variance
Scheffé, H. (1960) · Soil Science · doi:10.1097/00010694-196006000-00016 · Cited by 5,625
Randomization Tests
Edgington, E. S., Edgington, E., & Onghena, P. (1964) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1002/0471667196.ess2169 · Cited by 2,052
Practical Nonparametric Statistics (2nd ed).
Groeneveld, R. A., & Conover, W. J. (1981) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2287607 · Cited by 1,869
When small effects are impressive
Prentice, D. A., & Miller, D. T. (1992) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.160 · Cited by 1,008
RANDOMIZATION BY CLUSTER
Donner, A. P., Birkett, N., & Buck, C. W. (1981) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113261 · Cited by 698
Self-citation
A Simple Method for the Analysis of Clustered Binary Data
Rao, J. N. K., & Scott, A. J. (1992) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2532311 · Cited by 696
Untitled work
(1986) · CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) · Cited by 583

Show all 38 references

Research works printed but not linked: 1

Farquhar, 1990, Effects of community wide education on cardiovascular disease risk factors, J Am Med Assoc, 264, 359, 10.1001/jama.264.3.359 · DOI · Paper page

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 229

Internet delivered support for tobacco control in dental practice: randomized controlled trial
Houston, T. K., Richman, J. S., Ray, M. N., Allison, J. J., Gilbert, G. H., Shewchuk, R. M., Kohler, C. L., Kiefe, C. I., & DPBRN Collaborative Group (2008) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.1095 · Cited by 27
Effectiveness of a school-based intervention on physical activity and screen time among adolescents
Ahmed, K. R., Kolbe-Alexander, T. L., & Khan, A. (2021) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2021.10.007 · Cited by 27
Multilevel Models and Unbiased Tests for Group Based Interventions: Examples from the Safer Choices Study
Carvajal, S. C., Baumler, E. R., Harrist, R. B., & Parcel, G. S. (2001) · Multivariate Behavioral Research · doi:10.1207/s15327906mbr3602_03 · Cited by 27
Effects of a cluster-randomized school-based prevention program on physical activity and microvascular function (JuvenTUM 3)
Siegrist, M., Hanssen, H., Lammel, C., Haller, B., Koch, A.-M., Stemp, P. V., Dandl, E., Liestak, R., Parhofer, K. G., Vogeser, M., et al. (2018) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.09.003 · Cited by 27
Pediatric smoking prevention interventions delivered by care providers
Christakis, D., Garrison, M. M., Ebel, B. E., Wiehe, S. E., & Rivara, F. P. (2003) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(03)00214-9 · Cited by 26
Prevalence and anatomical distribution of naevi in young Queensland children
Whiteman, D. C., Brown, R. M., Purdie, D. M., & Hughes, M. C. B. (2003) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.11293 · Cited by 27
The Hi Five study: design of a school-based randomized trial to reduce infections and improve hygiene and well-being among 6–15 year olds in Denmark
Johansen, A., Denbæk, A. M., Bonnesen, C. T., & Due, P. (2015) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1556-1 · Cited by 25
Sex Differences in Factors Influencing Recovery from Arthroscopic Knee Surgery
Rosenberger, P. H., Dhabhar, F. S., Epel, E. S., Jokl, P., & Ickovics, J. R. (2010) · Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research · doi:10.1007/s11999-010-1562-7 · Cited by 25
Experiment design beyond gut feeling: statistical tests and power to detect differential metabolites in mass spectrometry data
Trutschel, D., Schmidt, S., Große, I., & Neumann, S. (2014) · Metabolomics · doi:10.1007/s11306-014-0742-y · Cited by 25
Effect of Center- Versus Patient-Specific Factors on Variations in Dialysis Adequacy
Fink, J. C., Blahut, S. A., Briglia, A., Gardner, J. F., & Light, P. D. (2001) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.v121164 · Cited by 25
Efficacy of shared decision-making on treatment adherence of patients with bipolar disorder: a cluster randomized trial (ShareD-BD)
Samalin, L., Honciuc, M., Boyer, L., de Chazeron, I., Blanc, O., Abbar, M., & Llorca, P. (2018) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-018-1686-y · Cited by 25
The allele encoding the mycobacterial Erp protein affects lung disease in mice
Mendonça-Lima, L., Bordat, Y., Pivert, E., Recchi, C., Neyrolles, O., Maitournam, A., Gicquel, B., & Reyrat, J. (2003) · Cellular Microbiology · doi:10.1046/j.1462-5822.2003.00237.x · Cited by 25
Effect of a Community-Based Medical Oncology Depression Screening Program on Behavioral Health Referrals Among Patients With Breast Cancer
Hahn, E. E., Munoz‐Plaza, C. E., Pounds, D., Lyons, L. J., Lee, J. S., Shen, E., Hong, B. D., Cava, S. L., Brasfield, F. M., Durna, L. N., et al. (2022) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2021.22596 · Cited by 25
Brief motivational intervention for adolescents treated in emergency departments for acute alcohol intoxication – a randomized-controlled trial
Diestelkamp, S., Arnaud, N., Sack, P., Wartberg, L., Daubmann, A., & Thomasius, R. (2014) · BMC Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1186/1471-227x-14-13 · Cited by 24
IMPROVEjob – Participatory intervention to improve job satisfaction of general practice teams: a model for structural and behavioural prevention in small and medium-sized enterprises – a study protocol of a cluster-randomised controlled trial
Weltermann, B., Kersting, C., Pieper, C., Seifried-Dübon, T., Dreher, A., Linden, K., Rind, E., Ose, C., Jöckel, K., Junne, F., et al. (2020) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-020-04427-7 · Cited by 26
Parent and child care provider partnerships: Protocol for the Healthy Me, Healthy We (HMHW) cluster randomized control trial
Hennink-Kaminski, H. J., Vaughn, A., Hales, D. P., Moore, R. H., Luecking, C. T., & Ward, D. S. (2017) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2017.11.007 · Cited by 25
Power calculation for cross‐sectional stepped wedge cluster randomized trials with variable cluster sizes
Harrison, L. J., Chen, T., & Wang, R. (2019) · Biometrics · doi:10.1111/biom.13164 · Cited by 23
Cost effectiveness of a community based research project to help women quit smoking
Walker, R. H. S., Holland, R. R., Lloyd, C. M., Pelkey, D., & Flynn, B. S. (2005) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tc.2003.005470 · Cited by 23
Design of a comparative effectiveness randomized controlled trial testing a faith-based Diabetes Prevention Program (WORD DPP) vs. a Pacific culturally adapted Diabetes Prevention Program (PILI DPP) for Marshallese in the United States
McElfish, P. A., Long, C. R., Kaholokula, J. K., Aitaoto, N., Bursac, Z., Capelle, L., Laelan, M., Bing, W. I., Riklon, S., Rowland, B., et al. (2018) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000010677 · Cited by 22
The Combined Effects of Sports Smart Bracelet and Multi-Component Exercise Program on Exercise Motivation among the Elderly in Macau
Lao, C. K., Wang, B. L., Wang, R. S., & Chang, H.-Y. (2021) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina57010034 · Cited by 22
Quality improvement studies: the need is there but so are the challenges
Krumholz, H. M., & Herrin, J. S. (2000) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0002-9343(00)00593-3 · Cited by 22
An Educational Intervention to Improve Statin Use: Cluster RCT at the Primary Care Level in Argentina
Gulayin, P., Lozada, A., Beratarrechea, A. G., Gutiérrez, L., Poggio, R., Chaparro, R., Santero, M., Masson, W. M., Rubinstein, A., & Irazola, V. E. (2019) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2019.02.018 · Cited by 21
Longitudinal Predictors of Bilingual Language Proficiency, Decoding, and Oral Reading Fluency on Reading Comprehension in Spanish and in English
Baker, D. L., Park, Y., & Andress, T. T. (2022) · School Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/2372966x.2021.2021447 · Cited by 24
The Behavioral Intention to Adopt Circular Economy-Based Digital Technology for Agricultural Waste Valorization
Pienwisetkaew, T., Wongsaichia, S., Pinyosap, B., Prasertsil, S., Poonsakpaisarn, K., & Ketkaew, C. (2023) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods12122341 · Cited by 27
Sample size requirement to detect an intervention effect at the end of follow‐up in a longitudinal cluster randomized trial
Heo, M., Kim, Y., Xue, X., & Kim, M. (2009) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.3806 · Cited by 21
Community-based participatory research to design a faith-enhanced diabetes prevention program: The Better Me Within randomized trial
Kitzman, H. E., Dodgen, L., Mamun, A. A., Slater, J. L., King, G., Slater, D., King, A., Mandapati, S. R., & DeHaven, M. J. (2017) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2017.08.003 · Cited by 26
Understanding Consumer Buying Intention of E-Commerce Airfares Based on Multivariate Demographic Segmentation: A Multigroup Structural Equation Modeling Approach
Naruetharadhol, P., Wongsaichia, S., Zhang, S., Phonthanukitithaworn, C., & Ketkaew, C. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su14158997 · Cited by 20
Sample Size, Precision and Power Calculations: A Uniﬁed Approach
Hanley, J. A., & Moodie, E. E. M. (2011) · Journal of Biometrics & Biostatistics · doi:10.4172/2155-6180.1000124 · Cited by 21
The Multilevel Structure of Four Adolescent Problems
Smolkowski, K., Biglan, A., Dent, C. W., & Seeley, J. R. (2006) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-006-0034-5 · Cited by 20
Design of a school-based randomized trial to reduce smoking among 13 to 15-year olds, the X:IT study
Andersen, A., Bast, L. S., Ringgaard, L. W., Wohllebe, L., Jensen, P. D., Svendsen, M., Dalum, P., & Due, P. (2014) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-518 · Cited by 19
Partnership as an ethical model for medical research in developing countries: the example of the “implementation trial”
Dowdy, D. W. (2006) · Journal of Medical Ethics · doi:10.1136/jme.2005.012955 · Cited by 19
Habit Formation Intervention to Prevent Obesity in Low-Income Preschoolers and Their Mothers: A Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol
Salvy, S., Dutton, G., Borgatti, A. C., & Kim, Y.-I. (2018) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2018.05.015 · Cited by 15
Evaluating a child care-based social marketing approach for improving children’s diet and physical activity: results from the Healthy Me, Healthy We cluster-randomized controlled trial
Vaughn, A., Hennink-Kaminski, H. J., Moore, R. H., Burney, R. V., Chittams, J. L., Parker, P., Luecking, C. T., Hales, D. P., & Ward, D. S. (2020) · Translational Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/tbm/ibaa113 · Cited by 19
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Read Well Kindergarten
Gunn, B., Smolkowski, K., & Vadasy, P. F. (2010) · Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness · doi:10.1080/19345747.2010.488716 · Cited by 19
Implementation fidelity and adolescent smoking: The X:IT study—A school randomized smoking prevention trial
Bast, L. S., Andersen, A., Ersbøll, A. K., & Due, P. (2018) · Evaluation and Program Planning · doi:10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2018.09.004 · Cited by 18
Estimates of intraclass correlation coefficient and design effect for surveys and cluster randomized trials on injection use in Pakistan and developing countries
Janjua, N. Z., Khan, M. I., & Clemens, J. D. (2006) · Tropical Medicine & International Health · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3156.2006.01736.x · Cited by 19
Activation of persons living with HIV for treatment, the great study
Fiscella, K. A., Boyd, M., Brown, J., Carroll, J. K., Cassells, A. N., Corales, R. B., Cross, W. F., El-Daher, N., Farah, S., Fine, S. M., et al. (2015) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2382-1 · Cited by 18
Dentists United to Extinguish Tobacco (DUET): a study protocol for a cluster randomized, controlled trial for enhancing implementation of clinical practice guidelines for treating tobacco dependence in dental care settings
Ostroff, J. S., Li, Y., & Shelley, D. (2014) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/1748-5908-9-25 · Cited by 17
Methodological issues in a before-after study design to evaluate the Liverpool Care Pathway for the Dying Patientin hospital
Costantini, M., Leo, S. D., & Beccaro, M. (2011) · Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1177/0269216311418870 · Cited by 15
A Cluster-Randomized Trial of a Mobile Produce Market Program in 12 Communities in North Carolina: Program Development, Methods, and Baseline Characteristics
Leone, L. A., Tripicchio, G. L., Haynes‐Maslow, L., McGuirt, J. T., Smith, J. S. G., Armstrong-Brown, J., Kowitt, S. D., Gizlice, Z., & Ammerman, A. S. (2018) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2018.04.010 · Cited by 19
Enhanced hypertension care through private clinics in Pakistan: a cluster randomised trial
Khan, M. A., Khan, N., Walley, J. D., Khan, S. E., Hicks, J. P., Sheikh, F. I., Khan, M. A., Ali, M. M., Ahmed, M., Khan, H. J., et al. (2019) · BJGP Open · doi:10.3399/bjgpopen18x101617 · Cited by 16
What factors are associated with a woman's decision to take hormone replacement therapy? Evaluated in the context of a decision aid
Clark, H. D., O'Connor, A. M. C., Graham, I. D., & Wells, G. A. (2003) · Health Expectations · doi:10.1046/j.1369-6513.2003.00216.x · Cited by 16
Effectiveness of a standardised exercise programme for recurrent neck and low back pain: a multicentre, randomised, two-arm, parallel group trial across 34 fitness clubs in Finland
Suni, J. H., Rinne, M. B., Tokola, K., Mänttäri, A., & Vasankari, T. J. (2017) · BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine · doi:10.1136/bmjsem-2017-000233 · Cited by 24
Ethical implications of excessive cluster sizes in cluster randomised trials
Hemming, K., Taljaard, M., Forbes, G., Eldridge, S. M., & Weijer, C. (2018) · BMJ Quality & Safety · doi:10.1136/bmjqs-2017-007164 · Cited by 14
Study protocol testing toolkit versus usual care for implementation of screening, brief intervention, referral to treatment in hospitals: a phased cluster randomized approach
Newhouse, R. P., Janney, M. A., Gilbert, A., Agley, J. D., Bakoyannis, G., Ferren, M. D., Mullins, C. D., Johantgen, M., Schwindt, R. G., & Thoele, K. (2018) · Addiction Science & Clinical Practice · doi:10.1186/s13722-018-0130-4 · Cited by 16
Within-center correlation in dialysis adequacy☆☆The conclusions and opinions expressed and methods used herein are those of the author. They do not necessarily reflect HCFA policy. The authors assume full responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of the ideas presented. Ideas and contributions to the author concerning experience in engaging with issues presented are welcomed.
Fink, J. C., Gardner, J. F., Armistead, N. C., Turner, M. S., & Light, P. D. (2000) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(99)00129-8 · Cited by 14
Room air or oxygen for asphyxiated babies?
Tarnow-Mordi, W. O. (1998) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)60464-3 · Cited by 14
Rationale and design of the randomized evaluation of an Ambulatory Care Pharmacist-Led Intervention to Optimize Urate Lowering Pathways (RAmP-UP) Study
Coburn, B. W., Cheetham, T. C., Rashid, N., Chang, J. M., Levy, G. D., Kerimian, A., Low, K. J., Redden, D. T., Bridges, S. L., Saag, K. G., et al. (2016) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2016.07.019 · Cited by 13
Long Term Effectiveness on Prescribing of Two Multifaceted Educational Interventions: Results of Two Large Scale Randomized Cluster Trials
Magrini, N., Formoso, G., Capelli, O., Maestri, E., Nonino, F., Paltrinieri, B., Giovane, C. D., Voci, C., Magnano, L., Daya, L., et al. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0109915 · Cited by 13
Training models for implementing evidence-based psychological treatment for college mental health: A cluster randomized trial study protocol
Wilfley, D. E., Fitzsimmons‐Craft, E. E., Eichen, D. M., Buren, D. J. V., Welch, R. R., Robinson, A. H., Jo, B., Raghavan, R., Proctor, E. K., Wilson, G. T., et al. (2018) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2018.07.002 · Cited by 12
Design, rationale, and baseline characteristics of a cluster randomized controlled trial of pay for performance for hypertension treatment: study protocol
Petersen, L. A., Urech, T. H., Simpson, K., Pietz, K., Hysong, S. J., Profit, J., Conrad, D. A., Dudley, R. A., Lutschg, M. Z., Petzel, R. A., et al. (2011) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/1748-5908-6-114 · Cited by 15
Work, smoking, and health: a NIOSH scientific workshop.
(2002) · doi:10.26616/nioshpub2002148 · Cited by 13
A group resilience training program for people with multiple sclerosis: Study protocol of a multi-centre cluster-randomized controlled trial (multi-READY for MS)
Giovannetti, A. M., Pakenham, K. I., Presti, G., Quartuccio, M. E., Confalonieri, P., Bergamaschi, R., Grobberio, M., Di Filippo, M., Micheli, M., Brichetto, G., et al. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0267245 · Cited by 11
Similar Blood Pressure Values Across Racial and Economic Groups: Baseline Data from a Group Randomized Clinical Trial
Carter, B. L., Coffey, C. S., Uribe, L., James, P. A., Egan, B. M., Ardery, G., Chrischilles, E. A., Ecklund, D. J., Weg, M. W. V., & Vaughn, T. E. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1111/jch.12091 · Cited by 12
Educational intervention to improve effectiveness in treatment and control of patients with high cardiovascular risk in low-resource settings in Argentina: study protocol of a cluster randomised controlled trial
Gulayin, P., Irazola, V. E., Lozada, A., Chaparro, M., Santero, M., Gutiérrez, L., Poggio, R., Beratarrechea, A. G., & Rubinstein, A. (2017) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014420 · Cited by 12
A multi-center, randomized, controlled trial to assess the efficacy of optimization of drug prescribing in an elderly population, at 18 months of follow-up, in the evolution of functional autonomy: the OPTIM study protocol
Dauphinot, V., Jean-Bart, E., Krolak‐Salmon, P., & Mouchoux, C. (2017) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-017-0600-7 · Cited by 12
Promoting weight‐loss maintenance among Black women primary care patients: A cluster RCT of a culturally sensitive versus standard behavioural approach
Tucker, C. M., Anton, S. D., Wippold, G. M., Marsiske, M., Bilello, L. A., Henry, M. A., Shah, N. R., Gautam, S., Klein, K. G., Mathews, A., et al. (2022) · Clinical Obesity · doi:10.1111/cob.12553 · Cited by 12
4. Cluster-Randomized Trials
KLEINMAN, K. P. (2017) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781315159409-5 · Cited by 12
A behavioural change intervention study for the prevention of childhood obesity in South Africa: protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Dukhi, N., Sartorius, B. K. D., & Taylor, M. (2020) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-020-8272-1 · Cited by 12
Improving the Quality of Residential Care Using Goal Attainment Scaling
Bravo, G., Dubois, M., & Roy, P. (2005) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2005.01.002 · Cited by 12
Jump starting shared medical appointments for diabetes with weight management: Rationale and design of a randomized controlled trial
Crowley, M. J., Edelman, D. E., Voils, C. I., Maciejewski, M. L., Coffman, C. J., Jeffreys, A. S., Turner, M. J., Gaillard, L. A., Hinton, T. A., Strawbridge, E. M., et al. (2017) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2017.04.004 · Cited by 11
Shaping the Social: design of a settings-based intervention study to improve well-being and reduce smoking and dropout in Danish vocational schools
Andersen, S., Tolstrup, J. S., Rod, M. H., Ersbøll, A. K., Sørensen, B. B., Holmberg, T., Johansen, C., Stock, C., Laursen, B., Zinckernagel, L., et al. (2015) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1936-6 · Cited by 11
Training × Trainee Interactions in a Family Planning Intervention
León, F. R., Ríos, A., & Zumarán, A. (2005) · Evaluation Review · doi:10.1177/0193841x05277117 · Cited by 11
Reducing maternal and neonatal deaths in ruralMalawi: evaluating the impact of a community-basedwomen’s group intervention
Lewycka, S. O. (2011) · UCL Discovery (University College London) · Cited by 11
Effectiveness of management of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) through community health workers as compared to a traditional facility-based model: a cluster randomized controlled trial
Hussain, I., Habib, M. A., Ariff, S., Khan, G. N., Rizvi, A., Chanar, S., Hussain, A., Fazal, S., Kumar, D., Alvarez, J. L., et al. (2021) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-021-02550-y · Cited by 10
Sample size considerations when groups are the appropriate unit of analysis
Sadler, G. R., Ko, C. M., Alisangco, J., Rosbrook, B. P., Miller, E., & Fullerton, J. T. (2007) · Applied Nursing Research · doi:10.1016/j.apnr.2006.02.004 · Cited by 10
Sample size estimation for stratified individual and cluster randomized trials with binary outcomes
Kennedy‐Shaffer, L., & Hughes, M. D. (2020) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.8492 · Cited by 10
Conquering hypertension in Vietnam—solutions at grassroots level: study protocol of a cluster randomized controlled trial
Ha, D. A., Oanh, T. T. M., Nguyen, H. L., Chiriboga, G., Goldberg, R. J., Phan, V. H., Nguyen, C. T., Giang, N. H., Pham, H. V., Nguyen, T., et al. (2020) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-020-04917-8 · Cited by 11
An evaluation of methods for the stratified analysis of clustered binary data in community intervention trials
Song, J., & Ahn, C. W. (2003) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1390 · Cited by 10
Screening and Care for Emotional and Cognitive Problems After Ischemic Stroke
Slenders, J. P. L., van den Berg‐Vos, R. M., Heugten, C. M. V., Visser‐Meily, J. M. A., van Eijk, R. P. A., Moonen, M. A. A., Godefrooij, S., Kwa, V. I. H., for the ECO-stroke Study Group, Hani, L. L., et al. (2025) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000213774 · Cited by 9
Subject‐level matching for imbalance in cluster randomized trials with a small number of clusters
Leon, A. C., Demirtaş, H., Li, C., & Hedeker, D. (2013) · Pharmaceutical Statistics · doi:10.1002/pst.1580 · Cited by 11
Cluster Randomized Trials: Considerations for Design and Analysis
Chakraborty, H., & Lyons, G. R. (2015) · Journal of Statistical Theory and Practice · doi:10.1080/15598608.2014.992081 · Cited by 9
Efficacy of a school-based education intervention on the consumption of fruits, vegetables and carbonated soft drinks among adolescents
Ahmed, K. R., Kolbe-Alexander, T. L., & Khan, A. (2023) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980023002094 · Cited by 8
Effectiveness of the Elos 2.0 Program, a Classroom Good Behavior Game Version in Brazil
Caetano, S. C., Mariano, M., da Silva, A. R., de Sousa, M. M. M., Ferreira, N. R., Cogo‐Moreira, H., Mari, J. D. J., & Sanchez, Z. M. (2024) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-024-01256-6 · Cited by 8
Multifaceted Strategies for Hypertension Control in Low-Income Patients
Mills, K. T., Krousel-Wood, M. A., Peacock, E. M., Chen, J., Allouch, F., Carreras, A. K., Geng, S., Cyprian, A., Davis, G., Fuqua, S. R., et al. (2026) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2504068 · Cited by 11
Screening and patient-tailored care for emotional and cognitive problems compared to care as usual in patients discharged home after ischemic stroke (ECO-stroke): a protocol for a multicenter, patient-blinded, cluster randomized controlled trial
Slenders, J. P. L., van den Berg‐Vos, R. M., Heugten, C. M. V., Visser‐Meily, J. M. A., Evers, S., de Haan, R. J., Ginkel, J. M. D. M., & Kwa, V. I. H. (2020) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-020-05902-2 · Cited by 8
Design of a clustered observational study to predict emergency admissions in the elderly: statistical reasoning in clinical practice
Lancaster, G., Chellaswamy, H., Taylor, S., Lyon, D., & Dowrick, C. F. (2006) · Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2006.00663.x · Cited by 8
Pharmacist interventions to improve blood pressure control in primary care: a cluster randomised trial
Rohla, M., Haberfeld, H., Tscharre, M., Huber, K., & Weiss, T. W. (2022) · International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy · doi:10.1007/s11096-022-01452-1 · Cited by 7
A weighted Jackknife method for clustered data
Du, R., & Lee, J. (2018) · Communication in Statistics- Theory and Methods · doi:10.1080/03610926.2018.1440597 · Cited by 7
Socioeconomic Differences in Cigarette Smoking and Alternative Tobacco Product Use Among Adolescents in a School-Based Smoking Preventive Intervention: Findings From the Second Year of the X:IT II Study
Kjeld, S. G., Lund, L., Andersen, S., & Bast, L. S. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.825585 · Cited by 7
Designing and Conducting Interventions to Enhance Physical and Mental Health Outcomes
Westmaas, J. L., Gil‐Rivas, V., & Silver, R. C. (2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195342819.013.0004 · Cited by 7
16. Experimental studies: clinical trials, field trials, community trials, and intervention studies
Margetts, B., & Rouse, I. L. (1997) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780192627391.003.0016 · Cited by 7
Selecting end point variables for a community intervention trial
Feldman, H. A. (1997) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s1047-2797(97)80010-5 · Cited by 7
Delivering enhanced cardiovascular (Hypertension) disease care through private health facilities in Pakistan
Khan, M. A., Javed, W., Ahmed, M., Walley, J. D., & Khan, H. J. (2013) · BMC Cardiovascular Disorders · doi:10.1186/1471-2261-13-76 · Cited by 6
Electronic monitoring of symptoms and syndromes associated with cancer: methods of a randomized controlled trial SAKK 95/06 E-MOSAIC
Blum, D., Koeberle, D., Ribi, K., Schmitz, S., Utiger, U., Klingbiel, D., & Strasser, F. (2012) · BMC Palliative Care · doi:10.1186/1472-684x-11-19 · Cited by 5
Socio-economic differences in smoking among adolescents in a school-based smoking intervention: The X:IT II study
Bast, L. S., Lund, L., Lauemøller, S. G., Kjeld, S. G., Due, P., & Andersen, A. (2021) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1177/14034948211007683 · Cited by 6
Evaluation of the impact of a pre‐visit questionnaire for addressing cancer patients’ information needs
Kutner, M. J. S., Foehner, K., & Steiner, J. F. (2009) · Journal of Cancer Education · doi:10.1080/08858199909528636 · Cited by 6
Video Images about Decisions for Ethical Outcomes in Kidney Disease (VIDEO-KD): the study protocol for a multi-centre randomised controlled trial
Eneanya, N. D., Lakin, J. R., Paasche‐Orlow, M. K., Lindvall, C. J., Moseley, E. T., Henault, L. E., Hanchate, A. D., Mandel, E. I., Wong, S. P. Y., Zupanc, S. N., et al. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059313 · Cited by 5
Empathic communication skills training to reduce lung cancer stigma: Study protocol of a cluster randomized control trial
Banerjee, S. C., Malling, C. D., Schofield, E., Carter‐Harris, L., Bylund, C. L., Hamann, H. A., Parker, P. A., Shen, M. J., Studts, J. L., Williamson, T. J., et al. (2024) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2024.107669 · Cited by 4
Power analysis for stratified cluster randomisation trials with cluster size being the stratifying factor
Wang, J., Zhang, S., & Ahn, C. W. (2017) · Statistical Theory and Related Fields · doi:10.1080/24754269.2017.1347309 · Cited by 4
A Culturally Adapted Depression Intervention for African American Adults: An Efficacy Trial.
Ward, E. C., Brown, R., Sullivan-Wade, L., & Sainvilma, S. (2021) · PubMed · Cited by 4
A SAS macro for a clustered permutation test
Stedman, M. R., GAGNON, D. R., Lew, R., Solomon, D. H., Losina, E., & Brookhart, M. A. (2009) · Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.cmpb.2009.02.005 · Cited by 4
Comparison of three-level cluster randomized trials using quantile dispersion graphs
Singh, S. P., Mukhopadhyay, S., & Roy, A. (2015) · Journal of Applied Statistics · doi:10.1080/02664763.2015.1010491 · Cited by 4
Impact evaluation in field settings: experience from a complex NGO programme in Ethiopia
Fenn, B. (2012) · Journal of Development Effectiveness · doi:10.1080/19439342.2012.725085 · Cited by 4
Role of metabolic syndrome and its components as mediators of the genetic effect on type 2 diabetes: A family‐based study in China
Song, J., Jiang, X., Juan, J., Cao, Y., Chibnik, L. B., Albert Hofman, D., Wu, T., & Hu, Y. (2018) · Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1111/1753-0407.12882 · Cited by 4
Methodological issues in the design and analysis of community intervention trials
Donner, A. P. (2015) · doi:10.1093/med/9780199661756.003.0110 · Cited by 4
Self-citation
Quantile dispersion graphs to compare the efficiencies of cluster randomized designs
Mukhopadhyay, S., & Looney, S. W. (2009) · Journal of Applied Statistics · doi:10.1080/02664760902914508 · Cited by 3
Falls Count and Counting Falls: Making Sense of Data About Falls
Mayo, N. E., & Figueiredo, S. M. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-32304-6_3 · Cited by 3
Cerebrovascular Reservoir and Arterial Transit Time Changes Assessed by Acetazolamide-Challenged Multi-Phase Arterial Spin Labeling Perfusion MRI in Chronic Cerebrovascular Steno-Occlusive Disease
Hwang, I., Sohn, C., Jung, K., Yeon, E. K., Lee, J. Y., Yoo, R., Kang, K. M., Yun, T. J., Choi, S. H., & Kim, J. (2021) · Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology · doi:10.3348/jksr.2020.0201 · Cited by 3
A weight Jackknife approach utilizing linear model based-estimators for clustered data
Du, R., Choi, Y. J., Lee, J., Ounpraseuth, S., & Hu, Z. (2022) · Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation · doi:10.1080/03610918.2022.2039396 · Cited by 3

Authors: Donner, A., & Klar, N.
Affiliations: Western University (CA)
ORCID: Klar, Neil
Venue: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1996-04
Volume: 49
Issue: 4
Pages: 435-439
ISSN: 0895-4356 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/0895-4356(95)00511-0
OpenAlex: W2050387573
Cited by: 230
References: 38
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 9
FWCI: 6.47
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference
Keywords: sample size determination, statistical power, intra-cluster correlation, binary outcomes, continuous outcomes, treatment effect detection
MeSH terms: Smoking Prevention, Adolescent, Clinical Trials as Topic, Humans, Random Allocation, Cluster Analysis, Sample Size

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Statistical considerations in the design and analysis of community intervention trials

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks