The DOI matches its Crossref record; 107 of the 112 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Accident risk and driver behaviour
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The presence of human drivers on the roads will also pose another - more profound - challenge to driverless vehicles, owing to the likelihood that human drivers will quickly learn to take advantage of the programmed behaviour of their driverless counterparts.”
From When human beings are like drunk robots: Driverless vehicles, ethics, and the future of transport (2017) · cites this paper as Summala, 1996
Citations
Cites
(1996) · Cited by 6,884
Engineering Psychology and Human Performance
Wickens, C. D., Hollands, J. G., Banbury, S. P., & Parasuraman, R. (2015) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315665177 · Cited by 5,017
Attention to Action: Willed and Automatic Control of Behavior
Norman, D. A., & Shallice, T. (1986) · Consciousness and Self-Regulation · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-0629-1_1 · Cited by 4,455
Rasmussen, J. (1983) · IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics · doi:10.1109/tsmc.1983.6313160 · Cited by 3,434
Attention and Performance Viii
Nickerson, R. S. (2014) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315802961 · Cited by 1,848
The Effects of Automobile Safety Regulation
Peltzman, S. (1975) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/260352 · Cited by 1,568
Parasuraman, R., & DAVIES, D. R. (1984) · Academic Press eBooks · Cited by 1,566
Consciousness and Self-Regulation
SCHWARTZ, G. E. R., & Shapiro, D. L. (1978) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-2571-0 · Cited by 1,370
A Critical View of Driver Behavior Models: What Do We Know, What Should We Do?
Michon, J. A. (1985) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-2173-6_19 · Cited by 1,285
The Theory of Risk Homeostasis: Implications for Safety and Health
Wilde, G. J. S. (1982) · Risk Analysis · doi:10.1111/j.1539-6924.1982.tb01384.x · Cited by 1,179
Shea, A., & Evans, L. (1992) · Journal of the Operational Research Society · doi:10.2307/2583586 · Cited by 908
Driving errors, driving violations and accident involvement
Parker, D., REASON, J. T., Manstead, A. S. R., & Stradling, S. G. (1995) · Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/00140139508925170 · Cited by 841
The structure of attentional resources.
Wickens, C. (1980) · Attention and performance · Cited by 762
Logic of Statistical Inference.
Dempster, A. P., & Hacking, I. (1966) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2283215 · Cited by 600
Consciousness and Self-Regulation
Davidson, R. J., SCHWARTZ, G. E. R., & Shapiro, D. L. (1986) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-0629-1 · Cited by 595
Strategies of Visual Search by Novice and Experienced Drivers
Mourant, R. R., & Rockwell, T. H. (1972) · Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1177/001872087201400405 · Cited by 581
Human Behavior and Traffic Safety
Evans, L., & Schwing, R. C. (1985) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-2173-6 · Cited by 536
Models of driving behavior: A review of their evolution
Ranney, T. A. (1994) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/0001-4575(94)90051-5 · Cited by 514
A Two-Level Model of Driver Steering Behavior
Donges, E. (1978) · Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1177/001872087802000607 · Cited by 424
Driving experience, personality, and skill and safety-motive dimensions in drivers' self-assessments
Lajunen, T. J., & Summala, H. (1995) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(95)00068-h · Cited by 400
Self-citationAccidents on main rural highways related to speed, driver, and vehicle
Solomon, D. T. (1964) · Cited by 360
Behavioural characteristics and involvement in different types of traffic accident
Parker, D., West, R., Stradling, S., & Manstead, A. S. R. (1995) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/0001-4575(95)00005-k · Cited by 339
Twelve issues for cognitive science
Norman, D. A. (1981) · Cognitive Science · doi:10.1016/s0364-0213(81)80002-x · Cited by 314
Some Statistical Aspects of Road Safety Research
Smeed, R. J. (1949) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A (General) · doi:10.2307/2984177 · Cited by 303
Risk control is not risk adjustment: the zero-risk theory of driver behaviour and its implications
Summala, H. (1988) · Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/00140138808966694 · Cited by 287
Self-citationRoad user behavior and traffic accidents
Näätänen, R., & Summala, H. (1976) · Cited by 281
Self-citation(1992) · Applied Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/0003-6870(92)90229-o · Cited by 280
A model for the role of motivational factors in drivers' decision-making∗
Näätänen, R., & Summala, H. (1974) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/0001-4575(74)90003-7 · Cited by 264
Self-citationMaintaining Lane Position with Peripheral Vision during In-Vehicle Tasks
Summala, H., Nieminen, T., & Punto, M. (1996) · Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1518/001872096778701944 · Cited by 263
Self-citationTHE ATTENTIONAL DEMAND OF AUTOMOBILE DRIVING
Senders, J. W., Kristofferson, A. B., Levison, W. H., Dietrich, C. W., & Ward, J. L. (1967) · Highway Research Record · Cited by 256
Fatal Accidents among Car and Truck Drivers: Effects of Fatigue, Age, and Alcohol Consumption
Summala, H., & Mikkola, T. (1994) · Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1177/001872089403600211 · Cited by 248
Self-citationThe Development of a Time-Related Measure to Describe Driving Strategy
Godthelp, H., Milgram, P., & Blaauw, G. J. (1984) · Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1177/001872088402600302 · Cited by 240
A time-based analysis of road user behaviour in normal and critical encounters
van der Horst, A. R. A. (1990) · Research Repository (Delft University of Technology) · Cited by 234
Bicycle accidents and drivers' visual search at left and right turns
Summala, H., Pasanen, E., Räsänen, M., & Sievänen, J. (1996) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/0001-4575(95)00041-0 · Cited by 226
Self-citationIndividual behaviour in the control of danger
(1988) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/0001-4575(88)90060-7 · Cited by 226
SPEED, SPEED LIMITS AND ACCIDENTS
Finch, D. J., Kompfner, P., Lockwood, C. R., & Maycock, G. (1994) · OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique) · Cited by 221
Speed as a measure of driver risk: Observed speeds versus driver and vehicle characteristics
Wasielewski, P. (1984) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/0001-4575(84)90034-4 · Cited by 206
New directions in research on decision making
Wright, G. (1987) · Journal of Economic Psychology · doi:10.1016/0167-4870(87)90039-0 · Cited by 194
Traffic conflicts and exposure
Hauer, E. (1982) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/0001-4575(82)90014-8 · Cited by 160
On the estimation of the expected number of accidents
Hauer, E. (1986) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/0001-4575(86)90031-x · Cited by 144
Review of Relationships Between Steering Wheel Reversal Rate and Driving Task Demand
Macdonald, W. A., & Hoffmann, E. R. (1980) · Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1177/001872088002200609 · Cited by 142
Vehicle Control During Curve Driving
Godthelp, H. (1986) · Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1177/001872088602800209 · Cited by 140
Human Behavior Feedback and Traffic Safety
Evans, L. (1985) · Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1177/001872088502700505 · Cited by 130
Nighttime driving and fatal crash involvement of teenagers
Williams, A. F. (1985) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/0001-4575(85)90002-8 · Cited by 126
The connection between risky driving and involvement in fatal accidents
Rajalin, S. (1994) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/0001-4575(94)90017-5 · Cited by 123
The Role of Personality and Attitudes in Traffic Accident Risk
West, R., & Hall, J. S. (1997) · Applied Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1464-0597.1997.tb01229.x · Cited by 122
Parkes, A., & Franzen, S. (1993) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781482272390 · Cited by 120
Social Interaction Patterns in Driver Behavior: An Introductory Review
Wilde, G. J. S. (1976) · Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1177/001872087601800506 · Cited by 118
Experimental Evaluation of a Model of Mental Workload
Hancock, P. A., & Caird, J. K. (1993) · Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1177/001872089303500303 · Cited by 117
Risk and the absence of pleasure: a motivational approach to modelling road user behaviour
Rothengatter, T. (1988) · Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/00140138808966702 · Cited by 115
Components of driving skill: experience does not mean expertise
DUNCAN, J., Williams, P. M., & BROWN, I. D. (1991) · Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/00140139108964835 · Cited by 114
Cooper, P. (1997) · Journal of Safety Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-4375(96)00040-0 · Cited by 114
Compensation in older drivers as reflected in their fatal accidents
Hakamies-Blomqvist, L. (1994) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/0001-4575(94)90073-6 · Cited by 107
Multiple systems: A new approach to cognitive theory
Neisser, U. (1994) · The European Journal of Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1080/09541449408520146 · Cited by 103
PERCEPTUAL ABILITIES OF ACCIDENT INVOLVED DRIVERS
Quimby, A., Maycock, G., Carter, I. D., Dixon, R., & Wall, J. (1986) · Research report - Transport and Road Research Laboratory · Cited by 103
Reducing traffic injury-A global challenge
(1989) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/0001-4575(89)90089-4 · Cited by 98
OBSERVATION AND INTERPRETATION
(1953) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(53)92015-7 · Cited by 97
New directions in research on decision making
Brehmer, B. (1986) · Elsevier eBooks · Cited by 93
Seat-belt wearing and driving behavior: An instrumented-vehicle study
Janssen, W. H. (1994) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/0001-4575(94)90095-7 · Cited by 93
Movements with Lateral Constraint
Drury, C. G. (1971) · Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/00140137108931246 · Cited by 91
Loughborough, UK, Franzén, S. E. R., hb, H., Molndal, & Sweden (1900) · Taylor & Francis eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203221594 · Cited by 88
A decision-theory model of danger compensation
O'neill, B. (1977) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/0001-4575(77)90017-3 · Cited by 87
SPEED VARIANCE AND ITS INFLUENCE ON ACCIDENTS
Garber, N. J., & Gadirau, R. (1988) · Cited by 85
Chapman, R. (1973) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/0001-4575(73)90018-3 · Cited by 84
Observation and Interpretation
Korner, S., Pryce, M. H. L., & Weiss, G. H. (1958) · Physics Today · doi:10.1063/1.3062747 · Cited by 84
Driver Reaction to a Technical Safety Measure—Studded Tires
Rumar, K., Berggrund, U., Jernberg, P., & Ytterbom, U. (1976) · Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1177/001872087601800503 · Cited by 73
Logic of Statistical Inference.
Bartlett, M. S., & Hacking, I. (1966) · Biometrika · doi:10.2307/2333679 · Cited by 59
Hakkert, A. S., & Mahalel, D. (1978) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/0001-4575(78)90009-x · Cited by 58
Traffic Conflicts—A Development in Accident Research
Older, S. J., & Spicer, B. R. (1976) · Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1177/001872087601800403 · Cited by 54
Haight, F. A. (1973) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/0001-4575(73)90019-5 · Cited by 53
Teenage drivers and motor vehicle deaths
Karpf, R. S., & Williams, A. F. (1983) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/0001-4575(83)90007-6 · Cited by 50
What role should the concept of risk play in theories of accident involvement?
MCKENNA, F. P. (1988) · Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/00140138808966692 · Cited by 50
ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES IN DELHI: A HOSPITAL BASED STUDY
Maheshwari, J., & Mohan, D. (1989) · Journal of traffic medicine · Cited by 44
A History of British Motorways
Charlesworth, G. (1984) · doi:10.1680/ahobm.01596 · Cited by 42
Models of the warning process: important implications towards effectiveness
Lehto, M. R., & Papastavrou, J. D. (1993) · Safety Science · doi:10.1016/0925-7535(93)90024-8 · Cited by 40
SAFETY AND MOBILITY ISSUES IN LICENSING AND EDUCATION OF OLDER DRIVERS
Brainin, P. A. (1980) · Cited by 38
Robertson, L. S. (1981) · Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law · doi:10.1215/03616878-6-2-303 · Cited by 36
The limits of path error-neglecting in straight lane driving
Godthelp, H. (1988) · Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/00140138808966703 · Cited by 36
A Field Study of the Effects of Drivers' Adaptation to Automobile Velocity
Matthews, M. L. (1978) · Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1177/001872087802000608 · Cited by 35
Young driver involvement in severe car crashes
(1988) · Journal of Safety Research · doi:10.1016/0022-4375(88)90011-4 · Cited by 35
Michon, J. A. (1979) · Cited by 33
The zero-risk theory and overtaking decisions.
Summala, H., & Naatanen, R. (1988) · Cited by 29
Self-citationWhy We Have Automobile Accidents
Johnson, H. M., & DeSilva, H. R. (1944) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1417282 · Cited by 28
Night driving curfews in New York and Louisiana: Results of a questionnaire survey
Williams, A. F., Lund, A. K., & Preusser, D. F. (1985) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/0001-4575(85)90041-7 · Cited by 26
Changes in Driver Steering Control With Learning
Smiley, A. M., Reid, L. D., & Fraser, M. S. (1980) · Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1177/001872088002200402 · Cited by 23
The motorway age: Road and traffic policies in post-war Britain
(1983) · Transportation Research Part A General · doi:10.1016/0191-2607(83)90097-3 · Cited by 23
Risk homeostasis theory and its critics: time for an agreement
Janssen, W. H., & Tenkink, E. (1988) · Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/00140138808966689 · Cited by 23
THE SPEED LIMIT EXPERIMENTS ON PUBLIC ROADS IN FINLAND
Salusjärvi, M. (1980) · Cited by 22
Single-vehicle accidents in Sweden: A comparative study of risk and risk factors by age
Brorsson, B., Rydgren, H., & Ifver, J. (1993) · Journal of Safety Research · doi:10.1016/0022-4375(93)90050-w · Cited by 22
Driving behaviour in a social context
(1991) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/0001-4575(91)90070-l · Cited by 21
Risk homeostasis: issues for future research
Hoyes, T. W., & Glendon, A. I. (1993) · Safety Science · doi:10.1016/0925-7535(93)90004-w · Cited by 20
IRTAD: OECD - International road traffic and accident database
Bruehning, E. (1993) · Cited by 19
AN EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF IN-VEHICLE COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEMS
Janssen, W. H., & Nilsson, L. (1991) · Diva portal (Dalarna University Library) · Cited by 19
ROLE OF PERIPHERAL VISION AND TIME SHARING IN DRIVING
Bhise, V., & Rockwell, T. H. (1971) · Proceedings: American Association for Automotive Medicine Annual Conference · Cited by 18
Effective vehicle width in self-paced tracking
DeFazio, K., Wittman, D., & Drury, C. G. (1992) · Applied Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/0003-6870(92)90369-7 · Cited by 18
Why we have automobile accidents.
Seashore, R. H. (1943) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0051983 · Cited by 16
LAYOUT OF ROADS IN RURAL AREAS
Llewelyn, F. J., & Butler, D. A. (1969) · Traffic engineering & control · Cited by 14
Summala, H., & Koivisto, I. (1990) · Cited by 13
Self-citationVISUAL CUES IN STRAIGHT ROAD DRIVING
Riemersma, J. (1987) · TNO Repository · Cited by 12
VARIATION IN VEHICLE CONFLICTS AT A T-JUNCTION AND COMPARISON WITH RECORDED COLLISIONS
Spicer, B. R., Wheeler, A., & Older, S. J. (1980) · Cited by 11
A psychophysical method for determining the effect of studded tires on safety
Summala, H., & Merisalo, A. (1980) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1980.tb00359.x · Cited by 11
Self-citationActivating a safety message from truck drivers' memory: an experiment in a work zone
Summala, H., & Pihlman, M. (1993) · Safety Science · doi:10.1016/0925-7535(93)90030-h · Cited by 10
Self-citationAdaptive interfaces and support systems in future vehicles
Piersma, E. H. (2010) · Taylor & Francis eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203221594_chapter_29 · Cited by 5
Johansson, R. G. (1990) · IATSS Research · Cited by 4
Conducting in-depth accident studies
Galer, M., Thomas, P., & Bradford, M. (1995) · Safety Science · doi:10.1016/0925-7535(94)00013-s · Cited by 4
ROAD USER BEHAVIOUR AND TRAFFIC SAFETY: TOWARD A RATIONAL STRATEGY OF ACCIDENT PREVENTION
Wilde, G. J. S. (1975) · Cited by 4
Indirect determination of exposure and liability
Wass, C. (1982) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/0001-4575(82)90015-x · Cited by 2
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Alexander, 1972, Satisfying motorists' need for information, Traffic Eng., 43, 46
- Hantula, 1989, Case studies of road accidents in Finland, J. Traff. Med., 17, 23
- Summala, 1992, Liikenteen psykologia liikennetieteen osa-alueena (Traffic psychology as a part of traffic science) (Inaugural Lecture), Tie ja Liikenne, 61, 16
- Wilde, 1974, Wirkung und Nutzen von Verkehrssicherheitskampagnen: Ergebnisse und Forderungen-ein Überblick, Zeitschrift für Verkehrssicherheit, 20, 227
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Towards a general theory of driver behaviour
Fuller, R. (2005) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/j.aap.2004.11.003 · Cited by 942
Personality, risky driving and accident involvement among Norwegian drivers
Iversen, H. H., & Rundmo, T. (2002) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(02)00010-7 · Cited by 354
Cell Phones and Driving: Review of Research
McCartt, A. T., Hellinga, L. A., & Bratiman, K. A. (2006) · Traffic Injury Prevention · doi:10.1080/15389580600651103 · Cited by 306
Risk-taking attitudes and risky driving behaviour
Iversen, H. H. (2004) · Transportation Research Part F Traffic Psychology and Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.trf.2003.11.003 · Cited by 287
Attention and expectation problems in bicycle–car collisions: an in-depth study
Räsänen, M., & Summala, H. (1998) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/s0001-4575(98)00007-4 · Cited by 263
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Summala, H.
- Affiliations
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Summala, Heikki
- ORCID
- Summala, Heikki
- Venue
- Safety Science
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1996-02
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 1-3
- Pages
- 103-117
- ISSN
- 0925-7535 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1996773427
- Cited by
- 218
- References
- 112
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 47.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Safety Science (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality › Traffic and Road Safety
- Social Sciences › Human Factors and Ergonomics › Human-Automation Interaction and Safety
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Occupational Health and Safety Research
- Keywords
- risk compensation, risk homeostasis, driver behavior, crash risk, exposure, vehicle control, driver adaptation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review