Cited by 43DNA Repair MechanismsCarcinogens and Genotoxicity AssessmentEffects of Radiation Exposure

DNA damage by drugs and radiation: What is important and how is it measured?

Whitaker, Stephen J.·1992·European Journal of Cancer

Abstract

DNA is the most important target for drug and radiation induced cell killing. The mode of cell killing by cytotoxic drugs and radiation has been derived by correlating the type and quantity of DNA damage induced with lethality. Cytotoxic drugs can be classified by their main mode of action, while ionising radiation causes a range of lesions with the DNA double-strand break (dsb) being the most significant. Strand-breaks are measured from the reduction in the size of DNA molecules following treatment. Molecule size can be derived from the rate that DNA fragments sediment when centrifuged, elute through filters or migrate under electrophoresis. The effect of strand-breaks on DNA loop supercoiling allow a sensitive assay of DNA damage. Specific assays for base damage and drug adducts include changes in chromatographic mobility or binding by specific antibodies. By comparing the levels of damage in the genome overall with damage in specific gene targets, regions susceptible to damage induction, and varying in repair efficiency, have been revealed.

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Crossref · 10.1016/0959-8049(92)90432-2

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  • Failure of the DDR to properly repair DNA results in accumulation of DNA damage and subsequently cellular senescence.

    “Failure of the DDR to properly repair DNA results in the accumulation of DNA damage and subsequently cellular senescence, and as such it plays a crucial role in maintaining the genomic integrity and cellular function [92, 121, 168].”

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Authors
Whitaker, S. J.
Affiliations
Institute of Cancer Research (GB)
Corresponding author
Whitaker, Stephen J.
Venue
European Journal of Cancer
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
1992-01
Volume
28
Issue
1
Pages
273-276
ISSN
0959-8049 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W1975497932
Cited by
43
References
36
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2
FWCI
0.15
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • European Journal of Cancer (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA Repair Mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Effects of Radiation Exposure
Keywords
DNA damage, cytotoxic drugs, ionizing radiation, DNA double-strand breaks, DNA strand breaks, DNA fragment size, base damage, DNA repair, cell killing, DNA damage measurement
MeSH terms
Antineoplastic Agents, Cell Cycle, Cell Survival, DNA, DNA Damage, Humans

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