DNA damage by drugs and radiation: What is important and how is it measured?
Abstract
DNA is the most important target for drug and radiation induced cell killing. The mode of cell killing by cytotoxic drugs and radiation has been derived by correlating the type and quantity of DNA damage induced with lethality. Cytotoxic drugs can be classified by their main mode of action, while ionising radiation causes a range of lesions with the DNA double-strand break (dsb) being the most significant. Strand-breaks are measured from the reduction in the size of DNA molecules following treatment. Molecule size can be derived from the rate that DNA fragments sediment when centrifuged, elute through filters or migrate under electrophoresis. The effect of strand-breaks on DNA loop supercoiling allow a sensitive assay of DNA damage. Specific assays for base damage and drug adducts include changes in chromatographic mobility or binding by specific antibodies. By comparing the levels of damage in the genome overall with damage in specific gene targets, regions susceptible to damage induction, and varying in repair efficiency, have been revealed.
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Failure of the DDR to properly repair DNA results in accumulation of DNA damage and subsequently cellular senescence.
“Failure of the DDR to properly repair DNA results in the accumulation of DNA damage and subsequently cellular senescence, and as such it plays a crucial role in maintaining the genomic integrity and cellular function [92, 121, 168].”
From DNA repair deficiency and senescence in concussed professional athletes involved in contact sports (2019) · cites this paper as [168]
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DNA repair deficiency and senescence in concussed professional athletes involved in contact sports
Schwab, N., Grenier, K., & Hazrati, L.-N. (2019) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-019-0822-3 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
- Authors
- Whitaker, S. J.
- Affiliations
- Institute of Cancer Research (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Whitaker, Stephen J.
- Venue
- European Journal of Cancer
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1992-01
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 273-276
- ISSN
- 0959-8049 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1975497932
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 0.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Journal of Cancer (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA Repair Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Effects of Radiation Exposure
- Keywords
- DNA damage, cytotoxic drugs, ionizing radiation, DNA double-strand breaks, DNA strand breaks, DNA fragment size, base damage, DNA repair, cell killing, DNA damage measurement
- MeSH terms
- Antineoplastic Agents, Cell Cycle, Cell Survival, DNA, DNA Damage, Humans
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