Low-dose interleukin-2 subcutaneous immunotherapy in association with the pineal hormone melatonin as a first-line therapy in locally advanced or metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma
Abstract
Experimental studies have showed that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells are susceptible to cytolysis of interleukin (IL)-2-activated lymphocytes. Moreover, our previous studies demonstrated that the pineal neurohormone melatonin (MLT) may enhance IL-2 efficacy. On this basis, a study was started with low-dose IL-2 (3 million U/day subcutaneously for 6 days/week for 4 weeks) plus MLT (50 mg/day orally every day given in the evening) as a first-line therapy of unresectable HCC. The study included 14 patients. Objective tumour regressions were obtained in 5/14 (36%) patients (one complete response, four partial responses), with a median duration of 7+ months. 6 patients had stable disease, while the other 3 progressed. Toxicity was low in all cases. This study shows that the neuroimmunotherapy with low-dose IL-2 plus MLT is a new well-tolerated and effective therapy of advanced HCC.
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Higher oral doses (50 mg daily) were given in a subsequent study with immunotherapy to 14 patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.
“Higher oral doses (50 mg daily) were given in a subsequent study with immunotherapy to 14 patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma [280].”
From Is Melatonin the “Next Vitamin D”?: A Review of Emerging Science, Clinical Uses, Safety, and Dietary Supplements (2022) · cites this paper as [280]
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- Authors
- Aldeghi, R., Lissoni, P., Barni, S., Ardizzoia, A., Tancini, G., Piperno, A., Pozzi, M., Ricci, G., Conti, A., & Maestroni, G. J. M.
- Affiliations
- Azienda Ospedaliera San Gerardo (IT)
- Istituto Cantonale di Patologia (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Lissoni, P
- Venue
- European Journal of Cancer
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1994-01
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 167-170
- ISSN
- 0959-8049 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2068290690
- Cited by
- 44
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 1.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Journal of Cancer (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and Prognosis
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Keywords
- hepatocellular carcinoma, interleukin-2, melatonin, subcutaneous immunotherapy, low-dose interleukin-2, liver metastasis, locally advanced liver cancer, first-line therapy, tumor regression, treatment toxicity
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Biopterins, Eosinophils, Female, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular, Humans, Injections, Subcutaneous, Interleukin-2, Leukocyte Count, Liver Neoplasms, Lymphocytes, Male, Melatonin, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Metastasis, Pilot Projects, Neopterin
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