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Steroid hormones as mediators of neural plasticity
Abstract
Steroid and thyroid hormone receptors are expressed in the developing brain and persist throughout adult life. They mediate a variety of effects on the brain, ranging from developmental effects of thyroid hormone and the process of sexual differentiation to the cyclic changes during reproductive cycles in adult female animals. This review summarizes data from the author's laboratory on three topics: (1) actions of extradiol and progesterone on the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus in adult female and male rats, showing both the cyclicity and the consequences of brain sexual differentiation; (2) actions of estradiol on the cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain of the female and male rat, reflecting the plasticity of the adult cholinergic system as well as sex differences which are developmentally programmed; and (3) diverse actions of estrogens, thyroid hormone and glucocorticoids on the morphology of hippocampal neurons. The review concludes by discussing the interactions between "organizational" (i.e. developmental) effects and the "activational" effects of steroids on the mature nervous system in relation to the environmental control of brain gene expression.
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“Taken in a wider context, these effects of eCD are remarkably similar to those observed in 21 days of chronic restraint stress in rodents, which results in morphologic simplification of prefrontal cortical neurons and impairment in prefrontal mediated behaviors, such as attentional set-shifting or other working memory tasks.35–37”
From Sleep Deprivation and Circadian Disruption (2015) · cites this paper as [37]
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Metadata
- Authors
- McEwen, B. S., Coirini, H., Westlind-Danielsson, A., Frankfurt, M., Gould, E., Schumacher, M., & Woolley, C.
- Affiliations
- Rockefeller University (US)
- Corresponding author
- McEwen, Bruce S.
- Venue
- The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1991-08
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 223-232
- ISSN
- 0960-0760 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2032190198
- Cited by
- 136
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 1.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-41256)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS007080, NS 07080)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Endocrinology › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- steroid hormones, neuroplasticity, ventromedial hypothalamus, estradiol, progesterone, sexual differentiation of the brain, estrous cycle, cholinergic neurons, basal forebrain, hippocampal neurons, estrogen, thyroid hormones, glucocorticoids, sex differences, organizational effects, activational effects, brain gene expression, reproductive cycle
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain, Female, Male, Neuronal Plasticity, Sex Characteristics, Steroids, Rats
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