Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are diverse and pervasive and may have significant consequence for health, including reproductive development and expression of sex-/gender-sensitive parameters. This review chapter discusses what is known about common EDCs and their effects on reproductively relevant end points. It is proposed that one way that EDCs may exert such effects is by altering steroid levels (androgens or 17-estradiol, E₂) and/or intracellular E₂ receptors (ERs) in the hypothalamus and/or hippocampus. Basic research findings that demonstrate developmentally sensitive end points to androgens and E₂ are provided. Furthermore, an approach is suggested to examine differences in EDCs that diverge in their actions at ERs to elucidate their role in sex-/gender-sensitive parameters.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Previous studies indicate that prenatal exposure to Bisphenol A, diethylstilbestrol, and organophosphate insecticides results in changes in social, anxiety, exploratory, and sex behavior.
“Previous studies indicate that prenatal exposure to Bisphenol A, diethylstilbestrol, and organophosphate insecticides result in changes in the social, anxiety, exploratory, and sex behavior (reviewed in Frye, 2014).”
From The effects of prenatal PCBs on adult social behavior in rats (2015) · cites this paper as Frye, 2014
Cites
Diagnosis and Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents
Goldman, L. S. (1998) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.279.14.1100 · Cited by 1,082 · see citing works
Stepping Backward to Improve Assessment of PCB Congener Toxicities
Hansen, L. G. (1998) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.2307/3433919 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Effects of Perinatal Exposure to Bisphenol A on Play Behavior of Female and Male Juvenile Rats
Dessì-Fulgheri, F., Porrini, S., & Farabollini, F. (2002) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.02110s3403 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Prenatal stress feminizes juvenile play patterns in male rats
Ward, I. L., & Stehm, K. E. (1991) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(91)90552-y · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Cognitive and Sensorimotor Functions in 6-Year-Old Children in Relation to Lead and Mercury Levels
Walkowiak, J., Altmann, L., Krämer, U., Sveinsson, K., Turfeld, M., Weishoff-Houben, M., & Winneke, G. (1998) · Neurotoxicology and Teratology · doi:10.1016/s0892-0362(98)00010-5 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Hotchkiss, A. K., Ostby, J. S., Vandenburgh, J. G., & Gray, L. E. (2002) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.02110s3435 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Thor, D. H., & Holloway, W. R. (1986) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.100.2.275 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The effects of prenatal PCBs on adult social behavior in rats
Reilly, M. P., Weeks, C. D., Topper, V. Y., Thompson, L. M., Crews, D., & Gore, A. C. (2015) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.06.002 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
- Authors
- Frye, C. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Alaska Fairbanks (US)
- Corresponding author
- Frye, Cheryl A.
- ORCID
- Frye, Cheryl A.
- Venue
- Vitamins & Hormones
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Published
- 2014
- Volume
- 94
- Pages
- 41-98
- ISSN
- 0083-6729 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W132463942
- Cited by
- 22
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 6.17
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Vitamins and hormones (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Keywords
- endocrine disruptors, reproductive development, sex differences, androgens, estradiol, estrogen receptor, hypothalamus, hippocampus, developmental sensitivity
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Behavior, Behavior, Animal, Environmental Pollutants, Gender Identity, Humans, Research Design, Sex Differentiation, Disorders of Sex Development, Transsexualism, Biomedical Research, Endocrine Disruptors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
