The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Importance of Models in Making Complex Systems Comprehensible
Overview
Integrity signals
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Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Bias and opacity in computer systems have been exacerbated by the rapidly expanding numbers of data-driven information systems entering decision-making processes.
“Bias or opacity are far from newly observed characteristics of computer systems generally [26, 11, 24], but these issues have been exacerbated by the rapidly expanding numbers of data-driven information systems entering decision-making processes.”
From Fairness and Accountability Design Needs for Algorithmic Support in High-Stakes Public Sector Decision-Making (2018) · cites this paper as [24]
Citations
Cites
AI in CAI: An Artificial-Intelligence Approach to Computer-Assisted Instruction
Carbonell, J. (1970) · IEEE Transactions on Man Machine Systems · doi:10.1109/tmms.1970.299942 · Cited by 955
Training wheels in a user interface
Carroll, J. M., & Carrithers, C. (1984) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/358198.358218 · Cited by 345
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 23
- Bodker, S., Knudsen, J.L., Kyng, M., Ehn, P. and Madsen, K.H. (1988). Computer support for cooperative design. Proceedings of the Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW1988), ACM, New York, September 1988, pp. 377–394. · DOI
- Böcker, H.-D., Fischer, G. and Nieper, H. (1986). The enhancement of understanding through visual representations. Human Factors in Computing Systems. CHI1986 Conference Proceedings (Boston), ACM, New York, April 1986, pp. 44–50. · DOI
- Brooks, 1987, No Silver Bullet. Essence and Accidents of Software Engineering, IEEE Computer, 20, 10, 10.1109/MC.1987.1663532 · DOI
- Clancey, 1986, Qualitative student models, Annual Review of Computing Science, 1, 381, 10.1146/annurev.cs.01.060186.002121 · DOI
- Curtis, 1988, A field study of the software design process for large systems, Communications of ACM, 31, 1268, 10.1145/50087.50089 · DOI · Paper page
- Draper, S.W. (1984). The Nature of Expertise in UNIX. Proceedings of INTERACT1984, IFIP Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, September 1984, pp. 182–186.
- Fischer, G. (1987). A critic for LISP. In J. McDermott (Ed.), Proceedings of the 10th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (Milan, Italy). Los Altos, CA: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers. · DOI
- Fischer, G. and Girgensohn, A. (1990). End-user modifiability in design environments, human factors in computing systems. CHI1990 Conference Proceedings. Seattle, WA, ACM, New York, April 1990.
- Fischer, 1988, Construction kits and design environments: steps toward human problem-domain communication, Human-Computer Interaction, 3, 179, 10.1207/s15327051hci0303_1 · DOI
- Fischer, G. and Mastaglio, T. (1989). Computer-based critics. Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Hawaii Conference on System Sciences, Vol. III: Decision support and knowledge based systems track. IEEE Computer Society, January 1989, pp. 427–436. · DOI
- Fischer, G., Mastaglio, T. and Rieman, J. (1989). User modeling in critics based on a study of human experts. Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Rocky Mountain Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Denver, CO, June 1989, pp. 217–225.
- Fischer, G., McCall, R. and Morch, A. (1989). JANUS: integrating hypertext with a knowledge-based design. Proceedings of Hypertext1989, ACM, November 1989, pp. 105–117. · DOI
- Fischer, G. and Nieper-Lemke, H. (1989). HELGON: extending the retrieval by reformulation paradigm. Human factors in computing systems, CHI1989 Conference Proceedings (Austin, TX), ACM, New York, May 1989, pp. 357–362. · DOI
- Furnas, 1987, The vocabulary problem in human-system communication, Communications of the ACM, 30, 964, 10.1145/32206.32212 · DOI · Paper page
- Grudin, 1989, The case against user interface consistency, Communications of the ACM, 32, 1164, 10.1145/67933.67934 · DOI
- Kass, 1987, Modeling the user in natural language systems, Computational Linguistics, Special issue on user modeling, 14, 5
- Kieras, 1984, The role of a mental model in learning to operate a device, Cognitive Science, 8, 255, 10.1207/s15516709cog0803_3 · DOI · Paper page
- Lemke, A.C. (1989). Design Environments for High-Functionality Computer Systems. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado.
- Malone, 1983, How do people organize their desks? Implications for the design of office information systems, ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems, 1, 99, 10.1145/357423.357430 · DOI
- Newell, 1976, Computer science as an empirical inquiry: symbols and search, Communications of the ACM, 19, 113, 10.1145/360018.360022 · DOI
- Reiser, B.J., Anderson, J.R. and Farrell, R.G. (1985). Dynamic student modeling in an intelligent tutor for LISP programming. Proceedings of the Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI, 1985, pp. 8–14.
- Rich, 1983, Users are individuals: individualizing user models, International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 18, 199, 10.1016/S0020-7373(83)80007-8 · DOI
- Standish, 1984, An essay on software reuse, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, SE-10, 494, 10.1109/TSE.1984.5010272 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Veale, M., Van Kleek, M., & Binns, R. (2018) · Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3173574.3174014 · Cited by 490
“Bias or opacity are far from newly observed characteristics of computer systems generally [26, 11, 24], but these issues have been exacerbated by the rapidly expanding numbers of data-driven information systems entering decision-making processes.”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Fischer, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- Corresponding author
- Fischer, Gerhard
- ORCID
- Fischer, Gerhard
- Venue
- Human Factors in Information Technology
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Published
- 1991
- Pages
- 3-36
- ISSN
- 0923-8433 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1566692431
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 2.39
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Human factors in information technology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Usability and User Interface Design
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Management Information Systems › Information Systems Theories and Implementation
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Complex Systems and Decision Making
- Keywords
- complex systems, comprehensibility, models, collaborative problem solving, human-computer systems, user models, system model, design environment, user modeling
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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