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Quinohemoprotein alcohol dehydrogenases: structure, function, and physiology
Abstract
Quino(hemo)protein alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH) that have pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) as the prosthetic group are classified into 3 groups, types I, II, and III. Type I ADH is a simple quinoprotein having PQQ as the only prosthetic group, while type II and type III ADHs are quinohemoprotein having heme c as well as PQQ in the catalytic polypeptide. Type II ADH is a soluble periplasmic enzyme and is widely distributed in Proteobacteria such as Pseudomonas, Ralstonia, Comamonas, etc. In contrast, type III ADH is a membrane-bound enzyme working on the periplasmic surface solely in acetic acid bacteria. It consists of three subunits that comprise a quinohemoprotein catalytic subunit, a triheme cytochrome c subunit, and a third subunit of unknown function. The catalytic subunits of all the quino(hemo)protein ADHs have a common structural motif, a quinoprotein-specific superbarrel domain, where PQQ is deeply embedded in the center. In addition, in the type II and type III ADHs this subunit contains a unique heme c domain. Various type II ADHs each have a unique substrate specificity, accepting a wide variety of alcohols, as is discussed on the basis of recent X-ray crystallographic analyses. Electron transfer within both type II and III ADHs is discussed in terms of the intramolecular reaction from PQQ to heme c and also from heme to heme, and in terms of the intermolecular reaction with azurin and ubiquinone, respectively. Unique physiological functions of both types of quinohemoprotein ADHs are also discussed.
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“ADH (pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase) is a key enzyme in the ethanol oxidation respiratory chain of acetic acid bacteria. In acetobacter pasteurianus, PQQ-ADH is a multi-subunit complex comprising three subunits: Subunit I (adhA) encodes the dehydrogenase subunit, which contains PQQ and one molecule of heme c; Subunit II (adhB) encodes the cytochrome c subunit, which”
From The Metabolic Pathways of Yeast and Acetic Acid Bacteria During Fruit Vinegar Fermentation and Their Influence on Flavor Development (2025) · cites this paper as [61]
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Ge, Y., Wu, Y., Aihaiti, A., Wang, L., Wang, Y., Xing, J., Zhu, M., & Hong, J. (2025) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms13030477 · Cited by 49
Metadata
- Authors
- Toyama, H., Mathews, F. S., Adachi, O., & Matsushita, K.
- Affiliations
- Yamaguchi University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Matsushita, Kazunobu
- Venue
- Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2004-08
- Volume
- 428
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 10-21
- ISSN
- 0003-9861 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2050010239
- Cited by
- 109
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 0.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Microbial metabolism and enzyme function
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Structural Biology › Enzyme Structure and Function
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Inorganic Chemistry › Metal-Catalyzed Oxygenation Mechanisms
- Keywords
- pyrroloquinoline quinone, heme c, quinoproteins, substrate specificity, electron transfer, azurin, coenzyme Q10, periplasmic enzymes, membrane-bound enzyme, acetic acid bacteria, Pseudomonas, Proteobacteria, enzyme structure
- MeSH terms
- Alcohol Oxidoreductases, Alcohols, Amino Acid Sequence, Electron Transport, Enzyme Activation, Models, Molecular, Molecular Sequence Data, Oxidation-Reduction, Protein Conformation, Species Specificity, Structure-Activity Relationship, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Proteobacteria, PQQ Cofactor
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- Toyama, H., Mathews, F. S., Adachi, O., & Matsushita, K. (2004). Quinohemoprotein alcohol dehydrogenases: structure, function, and physiology. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abb.2004.03.037