Cited by 237Cholinesterase and Neurodegenerative DiseasesPesticide Exposure and ToxicityChemical Reaction Mechanisms

Butyrylcholinesterase for protection from organophosphorus poisons: Catalytic complexities and hysteretic behavior

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Masson, Patrick, Lockridge, Oksana·2010·Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics

Abstract

Butyrylcholinesterase is a promiscuous enzyme that displays complex kinetic behavior. It is toxicologically important because it detoxifies organophosphorus poisons (OP) by making a covalent bond with the OP. The OP and the butyrylcholinesterase are both inactivated in the process. Inactivation of butyrylcholinesterase has no adverse effects. However, inactivation of acetylcholinesterase in nerve synapses can be lethal. OP-inhibited butyrylcholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase can be reactivated with oximes provided the OP has not aged. Strategies for preventing the toxicity of OP include (a) treatment with an OP scavenger, (b) reaction of non-aged enzyme with oximes, (c) reactivation of aged enzyme, (d) slowing down aging with peripheral site ligands, and (e) design of mutants that rapidly hydrolyze OP. Option (a) has progressed through phase I clinical trials with human butyrylcholinesterase. Option (b) is in routine clinical use. The others are at the basic research level. Butyrylcholinesterase displays complex kinetic behavior including activation by positively charged esters, ability to hydrolyze amides, and a lag time (hysteresis) preceding hydrolysis of benzoylcholine and N-methylindoxyl acetate. Mass spectrometry has identified new OP binding motifs on tyrosine and lysine in proteins that have no active site serine. It is proposed, but not yet proven, that low dose exposure involves OP modification of proteins that have no active site serine.

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  1. [124]Lenz DE Broomfield CA Yeung DT Masson P Maxwell DM Cerasoli DM Romano JA Lukey BJ Salem H Chemical Warfare Agents Chemistry, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics CRC Press Boca Raton, FL 2007 175 202
  2. [135]Schopfer LM Ticu-Boeck A Broomfield CA Lockridge O J Med Chem Def online journal 2 2004 1 21
  3. [139]Masson P Rochu D Gupta RC Handbook of Toxicology of Chemical Warfare Agents Elsevier-Academic Press Amsterdam 2009 1053 1065
  4. [164]Schopfer LM Grigoryan H Li B Masson P Lockridge O J Chromatography B in press 2009
  5. [177]Li B Schopfer LM Hinrichs SH Masson P Lockridge O Anal Biochem 361 2007 263 272 17188226 PMC1828685
  6. [178]Williams NH Harrison JM Read RW Black RM Arch Toxicol 81 2007 627 639 17345062
  7. [179]Li B Nachon F Froment MT Verdier L Debouzy JC Brasme B Gillon E Schopfer LM Lockridge O Masson P Chem Res Toxicol 21 2008 421 431 18163544
  8. [181]Seto Y Gupta RC Handbook of Toxicology of Chemical Warfare Agents Academic Press 2009 Chapter 53 813 825

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Authors
Masson, P., & Lockridge, O.
Affiliations
University of Nebraska Medical Center (US)
Venue
Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2010-02
Volume
494
Issue
2
Pages
107-120
ISSN
0003-9861 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2035067870
Cited by
233
References
174
Citations by year
2026: 11 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 24
FWCI
1.72
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • NIH (U01 NS058056-03)
  • NIH Cancer Center (CA036727)
  • US Army Medical Research & Materiel Command (W81XWH-07-2-0034)
  • French Procurement Agency (DGA/PEA 08co501)
  • Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (ANR-06-BLAN-0163)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Cholinesterase and Neurodegenerative Diseases
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity
  • Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Chemical Reaction Mechanisms
Keywords
butyrylcholinesterase, organophosphate poisoning, enzyme reactivation, oxime reactivation, enzyme inactivation, enzyme kinetics, hysteresis, time delay, enzyme activation, enzyme mutants, acetylcholinesterase
MeSH terms
Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Butyrylcholinesterase, Cholinesterase Inhibitors, Humans, Molecular Sequence Data, Organophosphorus Compounds, Protein Structure, Quaternary, Biocatalysis, Protein Multimerization, Organophosphate Poisoning

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