The DOI matches its Crossref record; 37 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Unreadiness for Postpartum Discharge Following Healthy Term Pregnancy: Impact on Health Care Use and Outcomes
Abstract
Objective To document the association between a lack of readiness, termed "unreadiness," for postpartum discharge and the health of mothers and their term newborns.Methods Prospective observational cohort study of 4300 mother-infant dyads in a national, pediatric, practice-based research network. The association between unreadiness for discharge and health care use, health-related behaviors, and health outcomes was analyzed by the use of bivariate, multivariate linear, and logistic models.Results Sixteen percent of mother-infant dyads were unready for discharge. Unreadiness was significantly associated with maternal and infant health care use and health outcomes but not independently associated with health-related behaviors. In multivariable analyses, after we controlled for important covariates and confounders, unready dyads had more calls to health care providers than ready dyads (13.3% increase for mothers, P = .01; 18.7% increase for infants, P < .01) during the first 2 weeks after discharge. In this same time frame, unready dyads also had more symptom days (8.5% increase for mothers, P < .01; 8.7% increase for infants, P < .01). Unready mothers had lower mean physical (5.0% decrease, P < .01) and mental (4.4% decrease, P < .01) health status scores at 4 weeks after discharge.Conclusions Unreadiness at postpartum discharge was associated with increased health care use and poorer health outcomes in the first 2 to 4 weeks after discharge. Discharge plans should be individualized and jointly tailored to a family's needs rather than to a set timescale.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Discharge education is an essential part of maternity care and is key to the successful developmental and physical transition of women to becoming a mother.
“Discharge education is an essential part of maternity care and is key to the successful developmental and physical transition of women to becoming a mother (Bernstein et al., 2013; Malagon-Maldonado et al., 2017).”
From Scoping Review of Postpartum Discharge Education Provided by Nurses (2022) · cites this paper as Bernstein et al., 2013
Citations
Cites
(1992) · PubMed · Cited by 33,716
Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys
Rubin, D. B. (1987) · Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics · doi:10.1002/9780470316696 · Cited by 20,701
MCHORNEY, C. A., JOHNE, W., & ANASTASIAE, R. (1993) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-199303000-00006 · Cited by 6,681
Analysis of Incomplete Multivariate Data
Schafer, J. L. (1997) · doi:10.1201/9781439821862 · Cited by 6,012
Analysis of Incomplete Multivariate Data
Booth, D. E., & Schafer, J. L. (2000) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1271466 · Cited by 5,627
Multiple imputation after 18+ years
Rubin, D. B. (1996) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1996.10476908 · Cited by 4,072
Multiple Imputation After 18+ Years
Rubin, D. B. (1996) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2291635 · Cited by 2,686
Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys
Campion, W. M., & Rubin, D. B. (1989) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.2307/3172772 · Cited by 775
Annual Summary of Vital Statistics—1980
Wegman, M. E. (1981) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.68.6.755 · Cited by 367
Length of Stay, Jaundice, and Hospital Readmission
Maisels, M. J., & Kring, E. A. (1998) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.101.6.995 · Cited by 337
Braveman, P., Egerter, S. A., Pearl, M., Marchi, K. S., & Miller, C. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 244
Early Discharge of Newborns and Mothers: A Critical Review of the Literature
Braveman, P., Egerter, S. A., Pearl, M., Marchi, K. S., & Miller, C. (1995) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.96.4.716 · Cited by 197
Annual Summary of Vital Statistics: 2008
Mathews, T. J., Miniño, A., Osterman, M. J. K., Strobino, D. M., & Guyer, B. (2010) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2010-3175 · Cited by 154
Predictors and Outcomes of Postpartum Mothers' Perceptions of Readiness for Discharge after Birth
Weiss, M., & Lokken, L. (2009) · Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1552-6909.2009.01040.x · Cited by 128
Hospital Stay for Healthy Term Newborns
(2010) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2009-3119 · Cited by 115
Newborn Discharge Timing and Readmissions: California, 1992–1995
Danielsen, B. H., Castles, A. G., Damberg, C. L., & Gould, J. B. (2000) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.106.1.31 · Cited by 114
Wasserman, R. C., Slora, E. J., Bocian, A. B., Fleming, G. V., Baker, A. E., Pedlow, S. E., & Kessel, W. (1998) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.102.6.1350 · Cited by 104
Self-citationMadden, J. M., Soumerai, S. B., Lieu, T. A., Mandl, K. D., Zhang, F., & Ross‐Degnan, D. (2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmsa020408 · Cited by 102
The safety of early postpartum discharge: A review and critique
Grullon, K., & Grimes, D. A. (1997) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0029-7844(97)00405-5 · Cited by 89
Pre-discharge anxiety among mothers of well newborns: Prevalence and correlates
Britton, J. R. (2005) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2005.tb01852.x · Cited by 86
Preventable Newborn Readmissions Since Passage of the Newborns’ and Mothers’ Health Protection Act
Paul, I. M., Lehman, E. B., Hollenbeak, C. S., & Maisels, M. J. (2006) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2006-2043 · Cited by 82
Validity and Reliability of the Perceived Readiness for Discharge After Birth Scale
Weiss, M., Ryan, P. A., & Lokken, L. (2006) · Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1552-6909.2006.00020.x · Cited by 74
Length of Stay after Vaginal Birth: Sociodemographic and Readiness‐for‐Discharge Factors
Weiss, M., Ryan, P. A., Lokken, L., & Nelson, M. (2004) · Birth · doi:10.1111/j.0730-7659.2004.00286.x · Cited by 69
Infant mortality and early postpartum discharge
Malkin, J. D. (2000) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0029-7844(00)00894-2 · Cited by 68
Length-of-Stay Policies and Ascertainment of Postdischarge Problems in Newborns
Madden, J. M., Soumerai, S. B., Lieu, T. A., Mandl, K. D., Zhang, F., & Ross‐Degnan, D. (2004) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.113.1.42 · Cited by 52
Bernstein, H. H., Spino, C., Finch, S. A., Wasserman, R. C., Slora, E. J., Lalama, C. M., Touloukian, C. L., Lilienfeld, H., & McCormick, M. C. (2007) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2006-3389 · Cited by 48
Self-citationThe Experiences of Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Postpartum Women in the First 4 Weeks at Home
Landy, C. M. K., Sword, W., & Valaitis, R. (2009) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/1049732308329310 · Cited by 41
The Impact of a New Universal Postpartum Program on Breastfeeding Outcomes
Sheehan, D., Watt, S., Krueger, P. D., & Sword, W. A. (2006) · Journal of Human Lactation · doi:10.1177/0890334406293434 · Cited by 37
Longer postpartum hospitalization options – who stays, who leaves, what changes?
Watt, S., Sword, W. A., & Krueger, P. D. (2005) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/1471-2393-5-13 · Cited by 36
Lindberg, I., Öhrling, K., & Christensson, K. (2007) · Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare · doi:10.1258/135763307780908102 · Cited by 35
Johnson, D. H., Jin, Y., & Truman, C. D. (2002) · Canadian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/bf03405016 · Cited by 33
Disposition and health outcomes among infants born to mothers with no prenatal care
Friedman, S. H., Heneghan, A. M., & Rosenthal, M. B. (2009) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2008.05.009 · Cited by 33
Systems changes to prevent severe hyperbilirubinemia and promote breastfeeding: pilot approaches
Stark, A. R., & Lannon, C. (2009) · Journal of Perinatology · doi:10.1038/jp.2008.215 · Cited by 23
RETIRED: Postpartum Maternal and Newborn Discharge
Cargill, Y. M., Martel, M.-J., MacKinnon, C. J., Arsenault, M.-Y., Bartellas, E., Daniels, S., Gleason, T., Iglesias, S., Klein, M. C., Martel, M.-J., et al. (2007) · Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada · doi:10.1016/s1701-2163(16)32444-6 · Cited by 23
Current status of pediatric practice-based research networks
Wasserman, R. C., Slora, E. J., & Bocian, A. B. (2003) · Current problems in pediatric and adolescent health care · doi:10.1067/mps.2003.12 · Cited by 10
Self-citationFinch, S. A., Lalama, C. M., Spino, C., Schwartz, H. C., Wasserman, R. C., McCormick, M. C., & Bernstein, H. H. (2007) · Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3016.2007.00894.x · Cited by 6
Self-citationEpstein, S. G., & Walker, D. K. (2002) · Ambulatory Pediatrics · doi:10.1367/1539-4409(2002)002 · Cited by 3
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Smith, V. C., Hwang, S. S., Dukhovny, D., Young, S., & Pursley, D. M. (2013) · Journal of Perinatology · doi:10.1038/jp.2013.23 · Cited by 141
NICU discharge preparation and transition planning: guidelines and recommendations
Smith, V. C., Love, K., & Goyer, E. (2022) · Journal of Perinatology · doi:10.1038/s41372-022-01313-9 · Cited by 84
Newborn Length of Stay and Risk of Readmission
Harron, K. L., Gilbert, R. E., Cromwell, D. A., Oddie, S., & van der Meulen, J. (2017) · Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology · doi:10.1111/ppe.12359 · Cited by 69
Rochefort, C. M., Rathwell, B. A., & Clarke, S. P. (2016) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-016-0169-z · Cited by 66
Benahmed, N., San Miguel, L., Devos, C., Fairon, N., & Christiaens, W. (2017) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-017-1465-7 · Cited by 59
Consensus Bundle on Postpartum Care Basics: From Birth to the Comprehensive Postpartum Visit
Stuebe, A. M., Kendig, S., Suplee, P. D., & D'Oria, R. (2021) · Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0000000000004206 · Cited by 50
Harvey, E., Ahmed, S., Manning, S. E., Diop, H., Argani, C. H., & Strobino, D. M. (2017) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2017.6437 · Cited by 50
Parental Depression Symptoms at Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Discharge and Associated Risk Factors
Soghier, L. M., Kritikos, K. I., Carty, C. L., Glass, P., Tuchman, L. K., Streisand, R. M., & Fratantoni, K. R. (2020) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.07.040 · Cited by 50
Perspectives of Low Socioeconomic Status Mothers of Premature Infants
Enlow, E., Faherty, L. J., Wallace-Keeshen, S., Martin, A. E., Shea, J. A., & Lorch, S. A. (2017) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2016-2310 · Cited by 44
Smith, H. J. J., Harvey, C. M., & Portela, A. G. (2022) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-022-04577-3 · Cited by 46
Scoping Review of Postpartum Discharge Education Provided by Nurses
McCarter, D., Law, A. A., Cabullo, H., & Pinto, K. (2022) · Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.jogn.2022.03.002 · Cited by 40
Parent-Provider Miscommunications in Hospitalized Children
Khan, A., Furtak, S. L., Melvin, P. R., Rogers, J., Schuster, M. A., & Landrigan, C. P. (2017) · Hospital Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/hpeds.2016-0190 · Cited by 38
Preparing for Discharge From the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Gupta, M., Pursley, D. M., & Smith, V. C. (2019) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2018-2915 · Cited by 34
Brittan, M. S., Albright, K., Cifuentes, M., Jimenez-Zambrano, A. M., & Kempe, A. (2015) · Hospital Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/hpeds.2015-0034 · Cited by 33
Facilitating discharge from hospital of the healthy term infant
Lemyre, B., Jefferies, A. L., & O’Flaherty, P. (2018) · Paediatrics & Child Health · doi:10.1093/pch/pxy127 · Cited by 34
Early discharge following birth – What characterises mothers and newborns?
Nilsson, I. M. S., Kronborg, H., Knight, C. H., & Strandberg‐Larsen, K. (2016) · Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare · doi:10.1016/j.srhc.2016.10.007 · Cited by 31
Birth Hospital Length of Stay and Rehospitalization During COVID-19
Handley, S. C., Gallagher, K., Breden, A., Lindgren, E., Lo, J. Y., Son, M., Murosko, D. C., Dysart, K., Lorch, S. A., Greenspan, J. S., et al. (2021) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2021-053498 · Cited by 31
Assessing infant and maternal readiness for newborn discharge
Jing, L., Bethancourt, C.-N. R., & McDonagh, T. (2017) · Current Opinion in Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/mop.0000000000000526 · Cited by 26
Factors affecting readiness for discharge and perceived social support after childbirth
Yanıkkerem, E., Esmeray, N., Karakuş, A., Üstgörül, S., Baydar, Ö., & Göker, A. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.14248 · Cited by 23
Discharge Criteria for the Late Preterm Infant
Quinn, J. M., Sparks, M. C., & Gephart, S. M. (2017) · Advances in Neonatal Care · doi:10.1097/anc.0000000000000406 · Cited by 23
What Do Women Want? Looking Beyond Patient Satisfaction
McCarter‐Spaulding, D., & MacLeod, C. E. (2019) · Nursing for Women s Health · doi:10.1016/j.nwh.2019.09.002 · Cited by 20
Supporting Families as They Transition Home
Murch, T. N., & Smith, V. C. (2016) · Newborn and Infant Nursing Reviews · doi:10.1053/j.nainr.2016.09.024 · Cited by 17
Harriel, K. L., Nolt, D. L., Moore, S. B., Kressly, S. J., & Bernstein, H. H. (2020) · Current Opinion in Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/mop.0000000000000931 · Cited by 17
Self-citationDeterminants of Postpartum Blues in Indonesia
Kurniawati, D., & Septiyono, E. A. (2022) · Pediomaternal Nursing Journal · doi:10.20473/pmnj.v8i1.27649 · Cited by 13
Postnatal ER visits within 30 days—Pattern, risk factors and implications for care
Vikström, A., Johansson, S., & Barimani, M. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.14090 · Cited by 9
Ran, M., Songwathana, P., & Damkliang, J. (2022) · Belitung Nursing Journal · doi:10.33546/bnj.2341 · Cited by 8
Cegolon, L., Maso, G., Heymann, W. C., Bortolotto, M., Cegolon, A., & Mastrangelo, G. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-62774-6 · Cited by 8
Scroggins, J. K., Gibson, A. N., Stuebe, A. M., Sheffield-Abdullah, K. M., & Tully, K. P. (2024) · The Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing · doi:10.1097/jpn.0000000000000762 · Cited by 6
Çankaya, S., Tezgören, E., & Dikmen, H. A. (2024) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-024-07844-0 · Cited by 6
Evaluating Maternal Discharge Readiness in Kangaroo Mother Care
Gooding, C., Lavin, T., van Rooyen, E., Bergh, A., & Preen, D. B. (2021) · Indian Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s13312-021-2324-1 · Cited by 6
Discharge Readiness and Associated Factors Among Postpartum Women in Tamale, Ghana
Lau, E., Adams, Y. J., Ghiaseddin, R., Sobiech, K. L., & Ehla, E. E. (2023) · Western Journal of Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/01939459231152122 · Cited by 6
Improving Guidance and Maternal Knowledge Retention After Well-Newborn Unit Discharge
Hochreiter, D., Kuruvilla, D., Grossman, M., Silberg, J., Rodriguez, A. L., Lary, L., Panosky, K., & Loyal, J. (2022) · Hospital Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/hpeds.2021-006307 · Cited by 5
Hall, M., Afzal, A. R., & White, D. (2023) · Canadian Journal of Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/08445621231165233 · Cited by 3
Cao, W.-P., Li, G., Guo, Y., Liu, X., Wang, H., & Gao, H. (2024) · Journal of Pediatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2024.01.001 · Cited by 3
Adams, Y. J., Lau, E., Young, J. L., & Ehla, E. E. (2022) · Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.jogn.2022.07.002 · Cited by 3
Adherence to AAP Healthy Newborn Discharge Criteria in a Tertiary Care Children’s Hospital
Arora, N. S., Danicek, A. M., Osborn, R. R., Fried, S. Q., Negris, O., Lychuk, K., Mychaliska, K. P., Skoczylas, M. S., & Monroe, K. K. (2018) · Hospital Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/hpeds.2018-0061 · Cited by 3
[Association between neonatal discharge preparedness and adverse health events].
Cao, W.-P., Li, G.-R., Guo, Y., Wang, J., Zheng, X., & Liu, X. (2022) · PubMed Central · doi:10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2203185 · Cited by 2
Association of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection With Early Breastfeeding
Bernstein, H. H., Slora, E. J., Mathias-Prabhu, T., Park, H. S., & Spino, C. (2022) · Academic Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.acap.2022.10.005 · Cited by 2
Self-citationFountain, L. (2016) · University Libraries (University of Maryland) · doi:10.13016/m24j6p · Cited by 2
Physicians’ Perceptions of Stakeholder Influence on Discharge Timing in a Children’s Hospital
Bornstein, L. M., Landers, S. E., Rosenthal, S. L., & McCann, T. A. (2019) · Global Pediatric Health · doi:10.1177/2333794x19878596 · Cited by 1
Fra barselsafsnit til eget hjem
Knudsen, R. K., Lou, S., & Aagaard, H. (2019) · Nordisk Sygeplejeforskning · doi:10.18261/issn.1892-2686-2019-03-04 · Cited by 1
Scroggins, J. K., Bruce, K. E., Stuebe, A. M., Fahey, J. O., & Tully, K. P. (2024) · Midwifery · doi:10.1016/j.midw.2024.104115 · Cited by 1
Aksu, A., Buldum, A., Değirmenci, F., & YILMAZ, D. V. (2023) · Samsun Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi · doi:10.47115/jshs.1122385 · Cited by 1
Internal and External Variables Associated with Late Preterm Infant Mothers' Readiness for Discharge
Sparks, M. C. (2019) · UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona) · Cited by 1
What Do Women Want? Beyond Discharge and Postpartum
McCarter‐Spaulding, D., & MacLeod, C. E. (2018) · Sigma's 29th International Nursing Research Congress
Faciliter le congé du nouveau-né à terme et en santé
Lemyre, B., Jefferies, A. L., & O’Flaherty, P. (2018) · Paediatrics & Child Health · doi:10.1093/pch/pxy128
Gao, H. L., Wu, C., Huang, D., Zha, D., & Zhou, C. (2021) · Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics · doi:10.1166/jmihi.2021.3489
Nagy, S. S., Storm, E., Dephoure, E., & Fucile, S. (2026) · Journal of Substance Use · doi:10.1080/14659891.2026.2619139
Binxia, L., Lina, Y., Xingxing, L., & Yufan, Y. (2026) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1080/14767058.2026.2626660
Development and validation of a model predicting preterm infant discharge in level 2 care
Hoeben, H., Jonkman, N. H., Rausch, A., van Maurik, I. S., van Veenendaal, N. R., Heymans, M. W., van der Schoor, S. R. D., van Goudoever, J. B., & van Kempen, A. A. M. W. (2026) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1038/s41390-026-04782-2
Costanzi, V., Dato, M., Mussi, P., Cecchin, M., Veronese, M., & Danielis, M. (2026) · Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.jogn.2026.08.003
Metadata
- Authors
- Bernstein, H. H., Spino, C., Lalama, C. M., Finch, S. A., Wasserman, R. C., & McCormick, M. C.
- Affiliations
- Hofstra University (US)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- American Academy of Pediatrics (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Academic Pediatrics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-01
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 27-39
- ISSN
- 1876-2859 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2151672112
- Cited by
- 52
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 1 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 1.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Academic Pediatrics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Public Health Service (2R60 MC 00107-09, R40 MC00117)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Infant Development and Preterm Care
- Keywords
- term pregnancy, maternal health, infant health, health care utilization, postpartum symptoms, maternal mental health, maternal physical health, mother-infant dyads
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Child Health Services, Female, Health Status, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Maternal Health Services, Mothers, Patient Discharge, Pregnancy, Prospective Studies, Cohort Studies, Health Behavior, Multivariate Analysis, Linear Models, Logistic Models, Postpartum Period, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review