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Cited by 117Child and Adolescent HealthInfant Development and Preterm CareDevelopmental and Educational Neuropsychology

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Evidence-Based Milestones for Surveillance of Cognitive, Language, and Motor Development

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Sheldrick, R. Christopher, Perrin, Ellen C.·2013·Academic Pediatrics
DOI 10.1016/j.acap.2013.07.001PMC PMC3993976
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Abstract

Objective Fewer than half of the nation's pediatricians conduct systematic surveillance of young children's development. Because time and cost are among the barriers, our objective was to create a brief set of parent-report questions about cognitive, motor, and language milestones that is freely available and can be administered and scored quickly.Methods A team of experts developed candidate items after reviewing existing instruments and prior research. We selected final items based on statistical fit to a graded item response model developed and replicated in separate samples enrolled from primary care settings (n = 469 and 308, respectively). We then developed a 10-item form for each visit on the pediatric periodicity schedule. Combining our initial samples with 395 families enrolled from referral clinics, we tested these forms' concurrent validity with respect to the ASQ-3 and parent reports of developmental diagnoses.Results A final set of 54 items displayed adequate fit to our statistical model regardless of race/ethnicity, education level, and child gender. Beginning at 4 months, scores on 10-item forms displayed consistent associations with the ASQ-3, and all but the 60-month form detected parents' reports of developmental delay with adequate sensitivity and specificity.Conclusions The Milestones is one element of the Survey of Well-being of Young Children (SWYC), a brief but comprehensive screening instrument for children under 5 years. The Milestones is a set of evidence-based items with individual normative data that are appropriate for pediatric surveillance. In addition, the scoring of 10-item Milestones forms may provide many advantages of a first level developmental screening instrument.

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Metadata

Authors
Sheldrick, R. C., & Perrin, E. C.
Affiliations
Tufts Medical Center (US)
ORCID
Venue
Academic Pediatrics
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2013-11
Volume
13
Issue
6
Pages
577-586
ISSN
1876-2859 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.acap.2013.07.001
PMC
PMC3993976
OpenAlex
W2116435785
Cited by
117
References
22
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 1
FWCI
6.01
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Academic Pediatrics (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • Commonwealth Fund
  • Tufts Medical Center
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Cancer Institute (KM1CA156726)
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (L40 HD077786)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Child and Adolescent Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Infant Development and Preterm Care
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
Keywords
developmental milestones, child development monitoring, developmental screening, cognitive development, language development, motor development, ASQ-3, developmental delay, primary care, reference values
MeSH terms
Child, Child Development, Cognition, Humans, Language Development, Motor Skills, Pediatrics, Reference Values, Reproducibility of Results, Evidence-Based Medicine

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