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Cited by 68Malaria Research and ControlMosquito-borne diseases and controlBird parasitology and diseases

Exploring the impact of house screening intervention on entomological indices and incidence of malaria in Arba Minch town, southwest Ethiopia: a randomized control trial

Getawen, Solomon Kinde, Ashine, Temesgen, Massebo, Fekadu, Woldeyes, Daniel, Lindtjørn, Bernt·2018·Acta Tropica
DOI 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.02.009
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Abstract

House is the major site for malaria infection where most human-vector contact takes place. Hence, improving housing might reduce the risk of malaria infection by limiting house entry of vectors. This study aimed to explore the impact of screening doors and windows with wire meshes on density and entomological inoculation rate (EIR) of malaria vector, and malaria incidence, and assess the acceptability, durability, and cost of the intervention. The susceptibility status of malaria vector was also assessed. A two-arm randomized trial was done in Arba Minch Town, southwest Ethiopia. 92 houses were randomly included in the trial. The baseline entomological and malaria prevalence data were collected. The mosquito sampling was done twice per household per month by Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC) light traps for six months. The baseline prevalence of malaria was assessed by testing 396 (83% of the 447 study participants) household members in all the eligible houses. The 92 houses were then randomized into control and intervention groups using mosquito and malaria prevalence baseline data to make the two groups comparable except the intervention. Then, we put wire-mesh on doors and windows of 46 houses. Post-screening mosquito collection was done in each household twice per month for three months. Each household member was visited twice per month for six months to assess malaria episodes. The frequency of damage to different structure of screening was measured twice. In-depth interview was conducted with 24 purposely selected household heads from intervention group. Speciation of Anopheles mosquito was done by morphological key, and the circum-sporozoite proteins (CSPs) analysis was done using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A generalized estimating equation with a negative binomial distribution was used to assess the impact of the intervention on the indoor density of vectors. Clinical malaria case data were analyzed using Poisson regression with generalized linear model. Screening doors and windows reduced the indoor density of An. arabiensis by 48% (mean ratio of intervention to control = 0.85/1.65; 0.52) (P = .001). Plasmodium falciparum CSP rate was 1.6% (3/190) in the intervention houses, while it was 2.7% (10/372) in the control houses. The protective efficacy of screening intervention from CSP positive An. arabiensis was 41% (mean ratio of intervention to control = 1.6/2.7; 0.59), but was not statistically significant (P = .6). The EIR of An. arabiensis was 1.91 in the intervention group, whereas it was 6.45 in the control group. 477 participants were followed for clinical malaria (50.1% from intervention and 49.9% from the control group). Of 49 RDT positive cases, 45 were confirmed to be positive with microscopy. 80% (n = 36) cases were due to P. falciparum and the rest 20% (n = 9) were due to P. vivax. The incidence of P. falciparum in the intervention group was lower (IRR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.2-0.80; P = .01) than in the control group. Using incidence of P. falciparum infection, the protective efficacy of intervention was 61% (95% CI: 18-83; P = .007). 97.9% of screened windows and 63.8% of screened doors were intact after eleven months of installation. Malaria mosquito was resistance (mortality rate of 75%) to the insecticide used for bed nets treatment. Almost all participants of intervention arm were willing to continue using screened doors and windows. Screening doors and windows reduced the indoor exposure to malaria vectors. The intervention is effective, durable and well-accepted. Hence, the existing interventions can be supplemented with house screening intervention for further reduction and ultimately elimination of malaria by reducing insecticide pressure on malaria vectors. However, further research could be considered in broad setting on different housing improvement and in the way how to scale-up for wider community.

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Authors
Getawen, S. K., Ashine, T., Massebo, F., Woldeyes, D., & Lindtjørn, B.
Affiliations
  • Arba Minch University (ET)
  • University of Bergen (NO)
Corresponding author
Massebo, Fekadu
ORCID
Venue
Acta Tropica
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2018-05
Volume
181
Pages
84-94
ISSN
0001-706X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.02.009
OpenAlex
W2789452291
Cited by
68
References
27
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2
FWCI
5.00
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Acta Tropica (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Hailu Tadess
  • Zerihun Zegeye
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Malaria Research and Control
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Mosquito-borne diseases and control
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Bird parasitology and diseases
Keywords
house screening, malaria vector control, Anopheles arabiensis, entomological inoculation rate, malaria incidence, Plasmodium falciparum, circumsporozoite protein, vector susceptibility, treatment acceptability, Arba Minch, cost-effectiveness, Anopheles gambiae
MeSH terms
Animals, Anopheles, Ethiopia, Female, Humans, Insecticides, Mosquito Control, Prevalence, Malaria, Falciparum

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