Cited by 98Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applicationsOsteoarthritis Treatment and MechanismsTissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

Gel structure has an impact on pericellular and extracellular matrix deposition, which subsequently alters metabolic activities in chondrocyte-laden PEG hydrogels

Open access
Nicodemus, G.D., Skaalure, S.C., Bryant, S.J.·2011·Acta Biomaterialia

Abstract

While designing poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels with high moduli suitable for in situ placement is attractive for cartilage regeneration, the impact of a tighter crosslinked structure on the organization and deposition of the matrix is not fully understood. The objectives of this study were to characterize the composition and spatial organization of new matrix as a function of gel crosslinking and study its impact on chondrocytes in terms of anabolic and catabolic gene expression and catabolic activity. Bovine articular chondrocytes were encapsulated in hydrogels with three crosslinking densities (compressive moduli 60, 320 and 590 kPa) and cultured for 25 days. Glycosaminoglycan production increased with culture time and was greatest in the gels with lowest crosslinking. Collagens II and VI, aggrecan, link protein and decorin were localized to pericellular regions in all gels, but their presence decreased with increasing gel crosslinking. Collagen II and aggrecan expression were initially up-regulated in gels with higher crosslinking, but increased similarly up to day 15. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-13 expression were elevated (∼25-fold) in gels with higher crosslinking throughout the study, while MMP-3 was unaffected by gel crosslinking. The presence of aggrecan and collagen degradation products confirmed MMP activity. These findings indicate that chondrocytes synthesized the major cartilage components within PEG hydrogels, however, gel structure had a significant impact on the composition and spatial organization of the new tissue and on how chondrocytes responded to their environment, particularly with respect to their catabolic expression.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.08.021

Cites

63 of 63 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Nicodemus, G. D., Skaalure, S. C., & Bryant, S. J.
Affiliations
University of Colorado Boulder (US)
Corresponding author
Bryant, S.J.
Venue
Acta Biomaterialia
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2011-02
Volume
7
Issue
2
Pages
492-504
ISSN
1742-7061 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2001786080
Cited by
98
References
63
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 7
FWCI
2.69
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Acta Biomaterialia (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (K22DE016608)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Osteoarthritis Treatment and Mechanisms
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
Keywords
poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels, chondrocytes, cartilage regeneration, pericellular matrix, extracellular matrix deposition, glycosaminoglycan production, type II collagen, aggrecan, MMP-1, MMP-13, MMP-3, catabolic gene expression, compressive modulus
MeSH terms
Animals, Cattle, Cross-Linking Reagents, Extracellular Matrix, Gene Expression Regulation, Glycosaminoglycans, Immunohistochemistry, Methacrylates, Peptide Fragments, Polyethylene Glycols, Proteoglycans, Solubility, Extracellular Matrix Proteins, Chondrocytes, Hydrogels

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review