The DOI matches its Crossref record; 202 of the 205 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Calcium phosphate cements for bone substitution: Chemistry, handling and mechanical properties
Abstract
Since their initial formulation in the 1980s, calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) have been increasingly used as bone substitutes. This article provides an overview on the chemistry, kinetics of setting and handling properties (setting time, cohesion and injectability) of CPCs for bone substitution, with a focus on their mechanical properties. Many processing parameters, such as particle size, composition of cement reactants and additives, can be adjusted to control the setting process of CPCs, concomitantly influencing their handling and mechanical performance. Moreover, this review shows that, although the mechanical strength of CPCs is generally low, it is not a critical issue for their application for bone repair--an observation not often realized by researchers and clinicians. CPCs with compressive strengths comparable to those of cortical bones can be produced through densification and/or homogenization of the cement matrix. The real limitation for CPCs appears to be their low fracture toughness and poor mechanical reliability (Weibull modulus), which have so far been only rarely studied.
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“Despite advances in clinical practices, autologous bone grafting remains the gold standard for bone regenerative repair due to its superior osteogenic potential and the absence of immune rejection [2].”
From Recent Advances in Silk Fibroin-Based Composites for Bone Repair Applications: A Review (2025) · cites this paper as [2]
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Calcium phosphate cements for bone engineering and their biological properties
Xu, H. H. K., Wang, P., Wang, L., Bao, C., Chen, Q., Weir, M. D., Chow, L. C., Zhao, L., Zhou, X., & Reynolds, M. A. (2017) · Bone Research · doi:10.1038/boneres.2017.56 · Cited by 425
Metadata
- Authors
- Zhang, J., Liu, W., Schnitzler, V., Tancret, F., & Bouler, J.-M.
- Affiliations
- Inserm (FR)
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Bouler, Jean-Michel
- Venue
- Acta Biomaterialia
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-03
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1035-1049
- ISSN
- 1742-7061 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1996760356
- Cited by
- 667
- References
- 205
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 49 · 2021: 69 · 2020: 88 · 2019: 69 · 2018: 69 · 2017: 76 · 2016: 46 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 11
- FWCI
- 2.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Acta Biomaterialia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Bone Tissue Engineering Materials
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Civil and Structural Engineering › Concrete and Cement Materials Research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Microbial Applications in Construction Materials
- Keywords
- calcium phosphate cement, bone substitutes, setting kinetics, setting time, injectability, cohesion, mechanical properties, compressive strength, fracture toughness, Weibull modulus, densification, homogenization, particle size, bone regeneration
- MeSH terms
- Bone Cements, Calcium Phosphates, Humans, Kinetics, Bone Substitutes, Mechanical Phenomena
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