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Cited by 71Substance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesCannabis and Cannabinoid ResearchSmoking Behavior and Cessation

Behavioral treatment for marijuana dependence: randomized trial of contingency management and self-efficacy enhancement.

Open access
Litt, Mark D., Kadden, Ronald M., Petry, Nancy M.·2013·Addictive Behaviors
DOI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.08.011PMC PMC3558664
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Abstract

Objective The purpose of the present study was to develop a treatment for marijuana dependence specifically designed to enhance self-efficacy.Method The participants were 215 marijuana-dependent men and women randomized to one of three 9-week outpatient treatments: a condition intended to enhance self-efficacy through successful completion of treatment-related tasks (motivational enhancement plus cognitive-behavioral treatment plus contingency management reinforcing completion of treatment homework; MET+CBT+CM(Homework)); a condition that controlled for all elements except for reinforcement of homework (MET+CBT+contingency management reinforcing drug abstinence; MET+CBT+CM(Abstinence)); or a case management control condition (CaseM). Participants in the two MET+CBT conditions were also asked to complete interactive voice recordings three times per week during treatment to confirm homework completion.Results All patients showed modest improvements over time through 14months, with few between-treatment effects on outcomes. Latent Class Growth Models, however, indicated that a subsample of patients did extremely well over time. This subsample was more likely to have been treated in the CM(Abstinence) condition. In turn, this treatment effect appears to have been accounted for by days of continuous abstinence accrued during treatment, and by pre-post increases in self-efficacy.Conclusions The most effective treatments may be those that elicit abstinence while increasing self-efficacy.

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  • The effects of CBT + MET are positively enhanced by contingency management.

    “Studies show that the effects of the CBT + MET intervention are positively enhanced by contingency management (CM), a financial incentive for successful abstinence or treatment adherence.”

    From Psychosocial and pharmacological interventions for the treatment of cannabis use disorder (2018) · cites this paper as [40]

    The Discussion (page unavailable) says neither MET+CBT+CM treatment was demonstrably better than case management without contingency management, and suggests that adding reinforcement for homework may have made MET+CBT less effective. It notes somewhat better outcomes immediately after treatment for the abstinence-incentive condition, but does not establish the claimed general enhancement of CBT+MET by CM. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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  • CBT + MET enhanced by abstinence-based CM promoted superior results compared with other psychosocial approaches.

    “CBT + MET enhanced by abstinence-based CM promoted superior results when compared with any other psychosocial approach, such as MET + CBT + adherence-based CM, CBT + adherence-based CM, abstinence-based CM alone, MET + CBT, and finally DC alone 39– 41.”

    From Psychosocial and pharmacological interventions for the treatment of cannabis use disorder (2018) · cites this paper as [40]

    The Results (§3.3; page unavailable) found higher abstinence and percent days abstinent for MET+CBT+CMAbstinence than for MET+CBT+CMHomework during early follow-up. But the Discussion (§4; page unavailable) says no treatment yielded unequivocally better long-term results, and this trial did not compare all the approaches listed in the citing sentence. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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Research works printed but not linked: 4

  1. First MB Spitzer RL Gibbon M Williams JBW 1996 Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders - Patient Edition (SCID-I/P, Version 2.0) New York Biometrics Research Department, New York State Psychiatric Institute
  2. Miller WR Moyers TB Amrhein PC Rollnick S 2006 A consensus statement on defining change talk MINT Bulletin 13 6 7
  3. Nagin DS 2005 Group-based modelling of development Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press
  4. The Marijuana Treatment Project Research Group 2004 Brief treatments for cannabis dependence: Findings from a randomized multisite trial Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 72 455 466 15279529

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Authors
Litt, M. D., Kadden, R. M., & Petry, N. M.
Affiliations
UConn Health (US)
Corresponding author
Litt, Mark D.
ORCID
Venue
Addictive Behaviors
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2013-03
Volume
38
Issue
3
Pages
1764-1775
ISSN
0306-4603 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.08.011
PMC
PMC3558664
OpenAlex
W2082401947
Cited by
71
References
81
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 2 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 3
FWCI
4.31
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Addictive Behaviors (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5r01da012728-15)
  • National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (P60AA011998, P60AA003510, P30AA019358, T32AA007290)
  • National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01-DA012728, 5R01 DA012728)
  • National Center for Research Resources (M01RR006192)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
Keywords
cannabis use disorder, contingency management, self-efficacy enhancement, motivational enhancement therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, drug abstinence, latent class growth models, treatment response heterogeneity, outpatient addiction treatment
MeSH terms
Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Marijuana Abuse, Combined Modality Therapy, Female, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Male, Middle Aged, Motivation, Prospective Studies, Reinforcement, Psychology, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome, Remote Consultation, Self Efficacy, Young Adult

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