Engagement and abstinence among users of a smoking cessation text message program for veterans
Open accessAbstract
Background SmokefreeVET is a text messaging smoking cessation program available to veterans enrolled in the Veterans Health Administration. SmokefreeVET was developed in collaboration with the National Cancer Institute as part of the SmokefreeTXT initiative.Purpose To evaluate the real world use of and effectiveness of the SmokefreeVET program for SmokefreeVET users who enrolled between 2013 and 2014.Methods Demographics and smoking behavior of 1470 SmokefreeVET users who enrolled between 2013 and 2014 were analyzed. Latent growth mixture modeling was used to identify discrete classes of SmokefreeVET users based on engagement patterns. Multi-level modeling determined class differences in abstinence.Results The average age of the SmokefreeVET user was 48, 75% of users were male, and 84% were daily smokers. After five weeks, 13% of all users reported abstinence from smoking. Five statistically distinct engagement classes of SmokefreeVET users were identified. Highly engaged classes were significantly less likely to opt-out and more likely to report abstinence. Over 60% of users who were classified as high engagers throughout the program reported abstinence 5weeks after their quit date. Users were more likely to report abstinence after two weeks if they used smoking cessation medication than those that did not use medication (OR=9.01, p<0.001).Conclusions SmokefreeVET may be effective at supporting abstinence among a real world group of highly engaged users. Smoking cessation medication use was also associated with abstinence in SmokefreeVET users. Engagement appears to be a critical component when assessing the efficacy of a text messaging smoking cessation intervention.
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“These services included buddy or family support [11], KickItCA [12], Smoke Free [13], build a quit plan [13], Veterans Smoke Free [14], sign a commitment contract [15], relaxation and guided imagery [16], self-hypnosis [17], stress management APPs [18], spiritual care [19], Center for Disease…”
- Authors
- Christofferson, D. E., Hertzberg, J. S., Beckham, J. C., Dennis, P. A., & Hamlett-Berry, K.
- Affiliations
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs (US)
- Durham VA Medical Center (US)
- Duke Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Christofferson, Dana E.
- Venue
- Addictive Behaviors
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-11
- Volume
- 62
- Pages
- 47-53
- ISSN
- 0306-4603 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5144826
- OpenAlex
- W2413560102
- Cited by
- 33
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3
- FWCI
- 2.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Addictive Behaviors (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (IK6 BX003777)
- National Institutes of Health (VA999999)
- National Cancer Institute
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Keywords
- smoking cessation, text messaging intervention, veterans, user engagement, abstinence, smoking cessation medication, opt-out, growth mixture modeling, real-world effectiveness
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Analysis of Variance, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, United States, Veterans, Smoking Cessation, Young Adult, Text Messaging, Smoke-Free Policy
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