Patterns of adverse childhood experiences and substance use among young adults: a latent class analysis
Open accessAbstract
Introduction Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been strongly linked with subsequent substance use. The aim of this study was to investigate how different patterns of ACEs influence substance use in young adulthood.Methods Using a community sample of young individuals (N=336; ages 18-25), we performed latent class analyses (LCA) to identify homogenous groups of young people with similar patterns of ACEs. Exposure to ACEs incorporates 13 childhood adversities including childhood maltreatment, household dysfunction, and community violence. Multiple linear and logistic regression models were used in an effort to examine the associations between ACEs classes and four young adult outcomes such as alcohol-related problems, current tobacco use, drug dependence symptoms, and psychological distress.Results LCA identified four heterogeneous classes of young people distinguished by different patterns of ACEs exposure: Low ACEs (56%), Household Dysfunction/Community Violence (14%), Emotional ACEs (14%), and High/Multiple ACEs (16%). Multiple regression analyses found that compared to those in the Low ACEs class, young adults in the High/Multiple ACEs class reported more alcohol-related problems, current tobacco use, and psychological symptoms, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and common risk factors for substance use such as peer substance use.Conclusions Our findings confirm that for many young people, ACEs occur as multiple rather than single experiences. The results of this research suggest that exposure to poly-victimization during childhood is particularly related to substance use during young adulthood.
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Different patterns of exposure to ACEs may be associated with specific substance use outcomes.
“Different patterns of exposure to ACEs may be associated with specific substance use outcomes.”
From Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and substance use disorder (SUD): A scoping review (2021) · cites this paper as Shin et al., 2018
None of the ACE groups was significantly associated with the number of drug dependence symptoms.
“None of the groups was significantly associated with the number of drug dependence symptoms.”
From Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and substance use disorder (SUD): A scoping review (2021) · cites this paper as Shin et al., 2018
The High/Multiple ACEs group was significantly associated with increased alcohol-related problems and with tobacco use in young adulthood compared to the Low ACE group.
“The High/Multiple ACEs group was significantly associated with increased alcohol-related problems and with tobacco use in young adulthood compared to the Low ACE group.”
From Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and substance use disorder (SUD): A scoping review (2021) · cites this paper as Shin et al., 2018
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- Authors
- Shin, S. H., McDonald, S. E., & Conley, D.
- Affiliations
- Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Shin, Sunny H.
- Venue
- Addictive Behaviors
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-03
- Volume
- 78
- Pages
- 187-192
- ISSN
- 0306-4603 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5783745
- OpenAlex
- W2769617421
- Cited by
- 252
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 6
- FWCI
- 14.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Addictive Behaviors (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- AMBRF (NIDA DA030884)
- The Foundation for Alcohol Research
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Child Welfare and Adoption
- Keywords
- adverse childhood experiences, substance use, young adults, child abuse, household dysfunction, community violence, polyvictimization, alcohol-related problems, tobacco use, drug addiction, psychological distress
- MeSH terms
- Physical Abuse, Exposure to Violence, Adult Survivors of Child Adverse Events, Adverse Childhood Experiences, Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child Abuse, Female, Humans, Male, Stress, Psychological, Domestic Violence, Crime Victims, Substance-Related Disorders, Young Adult
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