Diversification strategies have a stabilizing effect for income and food availability during livelihood shocks: Evidence from small-scale aquaculture-agriculture systems in Myanmar during the COVID-19 pandemic
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Diversification is an important strategy used by millions of small-scale food producers globally to improve yields, farm profitability, and food security. Diversification can also enable small-scale producers to cope better with livelihood shocks. However, it is not always clear through which pathways diversification practices can stabilize livelihoods and food security in small-scale production systems, especially in the context of the recent COVID-19 pandemic. In this study we examined whether and how diversification practices stabilized income and food availability in small-scale food production systems during the COVID-19 pandemic. The diversification practices explored in this study included fish polyculture and integrated aquaculture-agriculture (IAA), and their combination. We compared small-scale systems employing different combinations of these diversification strategies, with systems that did not contain them. We analyzed 300 surveys of small-scale aquaculture producers in Myanmar. Structural equation modeling was applied to examine the multivariate relationships between the adoption of diversification practices among the small-scale producers, and whether and how the adoption stabilized their livelihoods during the COVID-19 pandemic in Myanmar. We find that the integration of diversification practices in different small-scale aquaculture-agriculture (SSAA) production systems had generally positive effects for the stabilization of income, food availability or both during the COVID-19 pandemic. The novelty of the study is the unraveling of the differentiated pathways between production models that enabled these stabilization processes emerge. We find major divergences in the stabilization potential between polyculture and IAA, both in terms of the magnitudes of the stabilization effects and the pathways. Polyculture generally offered more significant stabilizing effects than IAA. Surprisingly the highest and more significant positive effects for the stabilization of food availability came through the purchase of food items from extra fish/crop income, rather than their increased self-consumption. Overall, the SSAA production systems combining different diversification practices could form proactive strategies to help small-scale food producers cope with livelihood shocks.
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An agrobiodiverse system enhances farm resilience leading to diversified diets as well as production and income stability.
“Further, an agrobiodiverse system enhances farm resilience leading to diversified diets as well as production and income stability (Cadena-Zamudio et al., 2024;Wang et al., 2024).”
From Agroecology for sustainable development: evidence on multidimensional performance from a cross-country TAPE assessment in Africa (2025) · cites this paper as Wang et al., 2024
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- Authors
- Wang, Q., Rossignoli, C. M., Dompreh, E. B., Su, J., Griffiths, D., Htoo, K. K., Nway, H. M., Akester, M., & Gasparatos, A.
- Affiliations
- Institute for Future Initiatives, The University of Tokyo (JP)
- WorldFish (MY)
- United Nations University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Wang, Quanli
- ORCID
- Venue
- Agricultural Systems
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2024-05
- Volume
- 217
- Pages
- 103935
- ISSN
- 0308-521X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4393058724
- Cited by
- 31
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 5
- FWCI
- 12.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Agricultural Systems (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- CGSPace A Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- European Commission
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (201517)
- Bundesministerium für Wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung
- Consortium of International Agricultural Research Centers
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Agricultural Systems and Practices
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › General Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Fisheries and Aquaculture Studies
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Agricultural risk and resilience
- Keywords
- diversification, livelihood shocks, income stabilization, food availability, small-scale aquaculture, fish polyculture, COVID-19 pandemic, food security, Myanmar, small-scale food producers
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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