Population structure can inflate SNP-based heritability estimates
Open accessIntegrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The top four genetic PCs were included as covariates in the model to correct for population structure, which can inflate heritability estimates.
“The top four genetic PCs were included as covariates in the model to correct for population structure, which can inflate heritability estimates [18,69,70].”
From Investigating the case of human nose shape and climate adaptation (2017) · cites this paper as [69]
The genetic relationship matrix based on allele sharing is inflated by population structure; in addition, pilot studies observed a large sampling variability of GCTA-estimated heritability due to the moderate size of the Cape Verde sample.
“However, the genetic relationship matrix based on allele sharing is inflated by population structure [55]; in addition, in pilot studies we observed a large sampling variability of GCTA-estimated heritability due to the moderate size of the Cape Verde sample.”
From Genetic Architecture of Skin and Eye Color in an African-European Admixed Population (2013) · cites this paper as [55]
Cites
Genome-wide association study of 14,000 cases of seven common diseases and 3,000 shared controls
The Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium, Management Committee, Burton, P. R., Clayton, D. G., Cardon, L. R., Craddock, N., Deloukas, P., Duncanson, A., Kwiatkowski, D. P., McCarthy, M. I., et al. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05911 · Cited by 9,442 · see citing works
GCTA: a tool for genome-wide complex trait analysis
Yang, J., Lee, S. H., Goddard, M. E., & Visscher, P. M. (2011) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.11.011 · Cited by 8,279 · see citing works
Common SNPs explain a large proportion of the heritability for human height
Yang, J., Benyamin, B., McEvoy, B. P., Gordon, S., Henders, A. K., Nyholt, D. R., Madden, P. A., Heath, A. C., Martin, N. G., Montgomery, G. W., et al. (2010) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.608 · Cited by 4,446 · see citing works
Variance component model to account for sample structure in genome-wide association studies
Kang, H. M., Sul, J. H., Service, S. K., Zaitlen, N. A., Kong, S.-Y., Freimer, N. B., Sabatti, C., & Eskin, E. (2010) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.548 · Cited by 2,817 · see citing works
Estimating Missing Heritability for Disease from Genome-wide Association Studies
Lee, S. H., Wray, N. R., Goddard, M. E., & Visscher, P. M. (2011) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.02.002 · Cited by 1,064 · see citing works
Categorization of humans in biomedical research: genes, race and disease
Risch, N., Burchard, E., Ziv, E., & Tang, H. (2002) · Genome Biology · doi:10.1186/gb-2002-3-7-comment2007 · Cited by 793 · see citing works
A Fast, Powerful Method for Detecting Identity by Descent
Browning, B. L., & Browning, S. R. (2011) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.01.010 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Self-citationHaldane, J. B. S. (2022) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315768694-37 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 9 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Genetic relationship between five psychiatric disorders estimated from genome-wide SNPs
Cross-Disorder Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (2013) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.2711 · Cited by 2,263 · see citing works
Genome-wide association studies
Uffelmann, E., Huang, Q. Q., Munung, N. S., de Vries, J., Okada, Y., Martin, A. R., Martin, H. C., Lappalainen, T., & Posthuma, D. (2021) · Nature Reviews Methods Primers · doi:10.1038/s43586-021-00056-9 · Cited by 1,849 · see citing works
The personal and clinical utility of polygenic risk scores
Torkamani, A., Wineinger, N. E., & Topol, E. J. (2018) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41576-018-0018-x · Cited by 1,605 · see citing works
Multiple sclerosis genomic map implicates peripheral immune cells and microglia in susceptibility
International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium, Patsopoulos, N. A., Baranzini, S. E., Santaniello, A., Shoostari, P., Cotsapas, C., Wong, G., Beecham, A. H., James, T., Replogle, J., et al. (2019) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aav7188 · Cited by 1,471 · see citing works
Polygenic Modeling with Bayesian Sparse Linear Mixed Models
Zhou, X., Carbonetto, P. S., & Stephens, M. (2013) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003264 · Cited by 801 · see citing works
Improved Heritability Estimation from Genome-wide SNPs
Speed, D., Hemani, G., Johnson, M. R., & Balding, D. J. (2012) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.10.010 · Cited by 700 · see citing works
Model-free Estimation of Recent Genetic Relatedness
Conomos, M. P., Reiner, A. P., Weir, B. S., & Thornton, T. A. (2016) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.11.022 · Cited by 397 · see citing works
Identity by Descent: Variation in Meiosis, Across Genomes, and in Populations
Thompson, E. A. (2013) · Genetics · doi:10.1534/genetics.112.148825 · Cited by 380 · see citing works
Apparent latent structure within the UK Biobank sample has implications for epidemiological analysis
Haworth, S., Mitchell, R., Corbin, L., Wade, K. H., Dudding, T., Budu-Aggrey, A., Carslake, D., Hemani, G., Paternoster, L., Smith, G. D., et al. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-08219-1 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Haplotype Reference Consortium, Evans, L. M., Tahmasbi, R., Vrieze, S. I., Abecasis, G. R., Das, S., Gazal, S., Bjelland, D. W., de Candia, T. R., Goddard, M. E., et al. (2018) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41588-018-0108-x · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Estimating Kinship in Admixed Populations
Thornton, T. A., Tang, H., Hoffmann, T. J., Ochs‐Balcom, H. M., Caan, B. J., & RISCH, N. J. (2012) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.05.024 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Missing heritability of complex diseases: case solved?
Génin, E. (2019) · Human Genetics · doi:10.1007/s00439-019-02034-4 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Marker-Based Estimation of Heritability in Immortal Populations
Kruijer, W., Boer, M. P., Malosetti, M., Flood, P. J., ENGEL, B., Kooke, R., Keurentjes, J. J. B., & van Eeuwijk, F. A. (2014) · Genetics · doi:10.1534/genetics.114.167916 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Identity by Descent Between Distant Relatives: Detection and Applications
Browning, S. R., & Browning, B. L. (2012) · Annual Review of Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev-genet-110711-155534 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Self-citationVerweij, K. J. H., Yang, J., Lahti, J. M. T., Veijola, J. M., Hintsanen, M., Pulkki-Råbäck, L., Heinonen, K., Pouta, A. M., Pesonen, A., Widén, E., et al. (2012) · Evolution · doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2012.01679.x · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Genetic Architecture of Skin and Eye Color in an African-European Admixed Population
Beleza, S., Johnson, N. A., Candille, S. I., Absher, D. M., Coram, M. A., Lopes, J., Campos, J., Araújo, I. I., Anderson, T. M., Vilhjálmsson, B. J., et al. (2013) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003372 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Heritability in the genome-wide association era
Zaitlen, N., & Kraft, P. L. (2012) · Human Genetics · doi:10.1007/s00439-012-1199-6 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Demographic history mediates the effect of stratification on polygenic scores
Zaidi, A. A., & Mathieson, I. (2020) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.61548 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Investigating the case of human nose shape and climate adaptation
Zaidi, A. A., Mattern, B. C., Claes, P., McEcoy, B., Hughes, C., & Shriver, M. D. (2017) · PLOS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1006616 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Correcting for Population Structure and Kinship Using the Linear Mixed Model: Theory and Extensions
Hoffman, G. E. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0075707 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Is population structure in the genetic biobank era irrelevant, a challenge, or an opportunity?
Lawson, D. J., Davies, N. M., Haworth, S. J., Ashraf, B. H., Howe, L. J., Crawford, A. A., Hemani, G., Smith, G. D., & Timpson, N. J. (2019) · Human Genetics · doi:10.1007/s00439-019-02014-8 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Assortative mating biases marker-based heritability estimators
Border, R., O’Rourke, S., de Candia, T. R., Goddard, M. E., Visscher, P. M., Yengo, L., Jones, M., & Keller, M. C. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-28294-9 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Genetics of Callous-Unemotional Behavior in Children
Viding, E., Price, T. S., Jaffee, S. R., Trzaskowski, M., Davis, O., Meaburn, E., Haworth, C., & Plomin, R. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0065789 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
The Critical Needs and Challenges for Genetic Architecture Studies in Africa
Martin, A. R., Teferra, S., Möller, M., Hoal, E. G., & Daly, M. J. (2018) · Current Opinion in Genetics & Development · doi:10.1016/j.gde.2018.08.005 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Gene regulation underlies environmental adaptation in house micePreprint
Mack, K. L., Ballinger, M. A., Phifer‐Rixey, M., & Nachman, M. W. (2018) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.238998.118 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Genomic variance estimates: With or without disequilibrium covariances?
Lehermeier, C., Campos, G. D. L., Wimmer, V., & Schön, C. (2017) · Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics · doi:10.1111/jbg.12268 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Vanvanhossou, S. F. U., Scheper, C., Dossa, L. H., Yin, T., Brügemann, K., & König, S. (2020) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/s12864-020-07170-0 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Estimating heritability using genomic data
Stanton‐Geddes, J., Yoder, J. B., Briskine, R. V., Young, N. D., & Tiffin, P. (2013) · Methods in Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1111/2041-210x.12129 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
A Critical Assessment of the Equal-Environment Assumption of the Twin Method for Schizophrenia
Fosse, R., Joseph, J., & Richardson, K. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00062 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
BURT, C. H. (2022) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x22001145 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Mathew, B., Léon, J., & Sillanpää, M. J. (2017) · Heredity · doi:10.1038/s41437-017-0023-4 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Schizophrenia: A critical view on genetic effects
Fosse, R., Joseph, J., & Jones, M. (2015) · Psychosis · doi:10.1080/17522439.2015.1081269 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Identity-by-descent-based heritability analysis in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort
Browning, S. R., & Browning, B. L. (2012) · Human Genetics · doi:10.1007/s00439-012-1230-y · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationKirin, M., Chandra, A., Charteris, D. G., Hayward, C., Campbell, S. E., Ćelap, I., Benčić, G., Vatavuk, Z., Kirac, I., Richards, A. J., et al. (2013) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddt169 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Conditions for the validity of SNP-based heritability estimation
Lee, J. J., & Chow, C. C. (2014) · Human Genetics · doi:10.1007/s00439-014-1441-5 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Evidence of Assortative Mating in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Connolly, S., Anney, R., Gallagher, L., & Heron, E. A. (2019) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.04.014 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Multi-ancestry genome-wide association analyses of polycystic ovary syndrome
Zhao, H., Xu, Y., Xue, B., Zhao, S., Zhang, M., Wu, X., Wang, T., Wen, Y., Li, S., Zhang, Q., et al. (2025) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41588-025-02393-x · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Genomic‐Wide Association Study of Popping Expansion in Tropical Popcorn and Field Corn Germplasm
Senhorinho, H. J. C., Coan, M. M. D., Marino, T. P., Kuki, M. C., Pinto, R. J. B., Scapim, C. A., & Holland, J. B. (2019) · Crop Science · doi:10.2135/cropsci2019.02.0101 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Kostem, E., & Eskin, E. (2013) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.03.010 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Bond, T. A., Karhunen, V., Wielscher, M., AUVINEN, J. P., Männikkö, M., Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, S. M., Gunter, M. J., Felix, J. F., Prokopenko, I., Yang, J., et al. (2019) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyz095 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
SNP‐based heritability and selection analyses: Improved models and new results
Speed, D., Kaphle, A., & Balding, D. J. (2022) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.202100170 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Polygenic Architecture of Human Neuroanatomical Diversity
Biton, A., Traut, N., Poline, J., Aribisala, B. S., Bastin, M. E., Bülow, R., Cox, S. R., Deary, I. J., Fukunaga, M., Grabe, H. J., et al. (2020) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhz241 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Accuracy of heritability estimations in presence of hidden population stratification
Dandine‐Roulland, C., Bellenguez, C., Debette, S., Amouyel, P., Génin, E., & Perdry, H. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep26471 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Lyra, D. H., Griffiths, C. A., Watson, A., Joynson, R., Molero, G., Igna, A., Hassani‐Pak, K., Reynolds, M. P., Hall, A. J. W., & Paul, M. J. (2021) · Food and Energy Security · doi:10.1002/fes3.292 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Heritability Studies: Methodological Flaws, Invalidated Dogmas, and Changing Paradigms
BURT, C. H. (2015) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/s1057-629020150000016002 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
The Use of the Linear Mixed Model in Human Genetics
Dandine‐Roulland, C., & Perdry, H. (2015) · Human Heredity · doi:10.1159/000447634 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Scipio, M. D., Khan, M. D., Mao, S., Chong, M., Judge, C. S., Pathan, N., Perrot, N., Nelson, W., Lali, R., Di, S., et al. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-40913-7 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Zhou, J. J., Cho, M. H., Lange, C., Lutz, S. M., Silverman, E. K., & Laird, N. M. (2015) · Human Heredity · doi:10.1159/000381641 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Genes, behavior, and behavior genetics
Charney, E. (2016) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Cognitive Science · doi:10.1002/wcs.1405 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Genomic evaluation for wellness traits in US Jersey cattle
González-Peña, D., Vukasinovic, N., Brooker, J., Przybyla, C., Baktula, A. M., & DeNise, S. K. (2019) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2019-16903 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
The Genetic Architecture of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Mitchell, K. J. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118524947.ch1 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Subtle stratification confounds estimates of heritability from rare variantsPreprint
Bhatia, G., Gusev, A., Loh, P., Finucane, H. K., Vilhjálmsson, B. J., Ripke, S., Purcell, S., Stahl, E. A., Daly, M. J., de Candia, T. R., et al. (2016) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/048181 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Equivalence of LD-Score Regression and Individual-Level-Data MethodsPreprint
de Vlaming, R., Johannesson, M., Magnusson, P. K. E., Ikram, M. A., & Visscher, P. M. (2017) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/211821 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Using neuroimaging genomics to investigate the evolution of human brain structure
Alagöz, G., Molz, B., Eising, E., Schijven, D., Francks, C., Stein, J. L., & Fisher, S. E. (2022) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2200638119 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Wessel, J., Majarian, T. D., Highland, H. M., Raghavan, S., Szeto, M. D., Hasbani, N. R., de Vries, P. S., Brody, J. A., Sarnowski, C., DICORPO, D. A., et al. (2020) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.11.13.20221812 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Atlas of Cryptic Genetic Relatedness Among 1000 Human Genomes
Fedorova, L. V., Qiu, S., Dutta, R. K., & Fedorov, A. (2016) · Genome Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/gbe/evw034 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Raymond, B., Wientjes, Y. C. J., Bouwman, A. C., Schrooten, C., & Veerkamp, R. F. (2020) · Genetics Selection Evolution · doi:10.1186/s12711-020-00540-y · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Correction: Genetics of Callous-Unemotional Behavior in Children
Viding, E. M., Price, T. S., Jaffee, S. R., Trzaskowski, M., Davis, O. S. P., Meaburn, E. L., Haworth, C. M. A., & Plomin, R. J. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/annotation/0b16418f-ceb5-41b2-be2a-a20f0c56f9a6 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Statistical properties of simple random-effects models for genetic heritability
Steinsaltz, D., Dahl, A., & Wachter, K. W. (2018) · Electronic Journal of Statistics · doi:10.1214/17-ejs1386 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Penalized linear mixed models for structured genetic data
Reisetter, A. C., & Breheny, P. J. (2021) · Genetic Epidemiology · doi:10.1002/gepi.22384 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Chromosomal characteristics of salt stress heritable gene expression in the rice genome
McGowan, M., Zhang, Z., & Ficklin, S. P. (2021) · BMC Genomic Data · doi:10.1186/s12863-021-00970-7 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Estimating narrow-sense heritability using family data from admixed populations
Athanasiadis, G. I., Speed, D., Andersen, M. K., Appel, E. V. R., Grarup, N., Brandslund, I., Jørgensen, M. E., Larsen, C. V. L., Bjerregaard, P., Hansen, T. F., et al. (2020) · Heredity · doi:10.1038/s41437-020-0311-2 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Derks, E. M., Zwinderman, A. H., & Gamazon, E. R. (2017) · Behavior Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10519-017-9837-3 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Kim, W., Hecker, J., Barr, R. G., Boerwinkle, E., Cade, B. E., Correa, A., Dupuis, J., Gharib, S. A., Lange, L. A., London, S. J., et al. (2022) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddac117 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
The Dead Ends of Sociogenomics
Robette, N., & Reeve, P. (2022) · Population (English Edition) · doi:10.3917/popu.2202.0191 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Interpreting SNP heritability in admixed populations
Huang, J., Kleman, N., Basu, S., Shriver, M. D., & Zaidi, A. A. (2025) · Genetics · doi:10.1093/genetics/iyaf100 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Rehkopf, D. H., Domingue, B. W., & Cullen, M. R. (2016) · Biodemography and Social Biology · doi:10.1080/19485565.2016.1141353 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
SNP-based heritability estimation: measurement noise, population stratification, and stabilityPreprint
Gamazon, E. R., & Park, D. S. (2016) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/040055 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Estimating SNP heritability in presence of population substructure in biobank-scale datasets
Lin, Z., Seal, S., & Basu, S. (2022) · Genetics · doi:10.1093/genetics/iyac015 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Detecting the dominance component of heritability in isolated and outbred human populations
Herzig, A. F., Nutile, T., Ruggiero, D., Ciullo, M., Perdry, H., & Leutenegger, A. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-36050-7 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Linkage Disequilibrium Score Statistic Regression for Identifying Novel Trait Associations
Pettit, R. W., & Amos, C. I. (2022) · Current Epidemiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s40471-022-00297-6 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Global Spread, Genetic Differentiation, and Selection of Barley Spot Form Net Blotch Isolates
Hassett, K., Muria‐Gonzalez, M. J., Martin, A., Karakaya, A., Oğuz, A. Ç., Bakonyi, J., Knight, N. L., Prins, R., & Ellwood, S. R. (2024) · Phytopathology · doi:10.1094/phyto-11-23-0442-r · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Gulin, S. J., Kravvas, G., & Seifert, O. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13247836 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
GWEHS: A Genome-Wide Effect Sizes and Heritability Screener
López‐Cortegano, E., & Caballero, A. (2019) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes10080558 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The genetic architecture of neurodevelopmental disordersPreprint
Mitchell, K. J. (2014) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/009449 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Poon, Z. W. J., Vu, N. T., Shen, X., Gibson‐Kueh, S., Carrai, M., Nelson, S. P., Terence, C., Oh, J., Seah, T., Tan, Y. Q., et al. (2026) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2026.744030 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Neuroimaging genomics as a window into the evolution of human sulcal organization
Goltermann, O., Alagöz, G., Molz, B., & Fisher, S. E. (2024) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhae078 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Chen, F., He, J., Zhang, J., Chen, G. K., Thomas, V., Ambrosone, C. B., Bandera, E. V., Berndt, S. I., Bernstein, L., Blot, W. J., et al. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0131106 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Roudbar, M. A., Vahedi, S. M., Jin, J., Jahangiri, M., Lanjanian, H., Habibi, D., Masjoudi, S., Riahi, P., Fateh, S. T., Neshati, F., et al. (2024) · Human Genomics · doi:10.1186/s40246-024-00669-7 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Arpegård, J. (2015) · Figshare · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Linkage-Disequilibrium-Based Binning Misleads the Interpretation of Genome-wide Association Studies
Zhu, X., Feng, T., & Elston, R. C. (2012) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.05.029 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Discovery of genetic determinants for refractive error
Shah, R. L. (2018) · ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Efficient Design and Analysis of Genome-wide Association Studies
Kostem, E. (2013) · eScholarship (California Digital Library)
Stram, D. O. (2013) · Statistics for biology and health · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-9443-0_8
Khan, M. D., Scipio, M. D., Judge, C. S., Perrot, N., Chong, M., Mao, S., Di, S., Nelson, W., Petch, J., & Paré, G. (2021) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.04.24.21255884
Quantifying the susceptibility of polygenic scores to ancestry stratificationPreprint
Blanc, J., Mawass, W., & Berg, J. J. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2025.12.04.692430
Raymond, B., Wientjes, Y. C. J., Bouwman, A. C., Schrooten, C., & Veerkamp, R. F. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12211901
Vanvanhossou, S. F. U., Scheper, C., Dossa, L. H., Yin, T., Brügemann, K., & König, S. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13226188
Vanvanhossou, S. F. U., Scheper, C., Dossa, L. H., Yin, T., Brügemann, K., & König, S. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13226191
Vanvanhossou, S. F. U., Scheper, C., Dossa, L. H., Yin, T., Brügemann, K., & König, S. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13226182
Vanvanhossou, S. F. U., Scheper, C., Dossa, L. H., Yin, T., Brügemann, K., & König, S. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13226197
McGowan, M., Zhang, Z., & Ficklin, S. P. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14691859
Vanvanhossou, S. F. U., Scheper, C., Dossa, L. H., Yin, T., Brügemann, K., & König, S. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13226194
Li, J. M., Lin, M., Liu, Y., & Sun, Q. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-9587066/v1
Using Genetic Information in Risk Prediction for Alcohol Dependence
Yan, J. (2012) · VCU Scholars Compass (Virginia Commonwealth University) · doi:10.25772/6sk0-8c03
- Authors
- Browning, S. R., & Browning, B. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Corresponding author
- Browning, Sharon R.
- Venue
- The American Journal of Human Genetics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-07
- Volume
- 89
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 191-193
- ISSN
- 0002-9297 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3135810
- OpenAlex
- W2033351168
- Cited by
- 96
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 8
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The American Journal of Human Genetics (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (076113)
- National Institutes of Health
- National Human Genome Research Institute (R01HG005701, R01HG004960)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
- Keywords
- missing heritability, population structure, common SNPs, heritability estimation, genome-wide association study, Crohn's disease, bipolar disorder, type 1 diabetes, Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium, European ancestry, population stratification
- MeSH terms
- Bipolar Disorder, Computer Simulation, Crohn Disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Genetics, Population, Genotype, Geography, United Kingdom, Humans, Models, Genetic, Phenotype, Software, Quantitative Trait, Heritable, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, White People
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review