Evaluation of extent and pattern of neurocognitive functions in mild and moderate traumatic brain injury patients by using Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score as a screening tool: An observational study from India

Abstract

Introduction Cognitive impairment is one of the most important culprit influencing the long-term neurological outcome commonlyobserved in TBI survivors. Aims To examine the performance of patients with Mild and Moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI) on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) using as a screening tool. Results Total 228 (127 Mild TBI & 101 Moderate TBI) patients were recruited in this study. Results showed that patients with moderate TBI had lower score on the MoCA as compared to patients with mild TBI (p Value = 0.031). This difference was observed statistically significant among mild and moderate TBI for the cube copy (p = 0.039) and clock (p = 0.017) i.e. visuospatial/executive function, Digit span test (p value = 0.040) i.e. concentration and recall memory (p = 0.04). MoCA Score were higher for patients with higher GCS score at admission. Education status was also correlated with MoCA scores; those patients with higher level of education had significant association with higher MoCA scores (p value = 0.012). This study showed that age and gender were insignificant variables to determine cognitive function. Conclusion Assessment of cognitive impairment should be considered as a mandatory protocol while evaluating post TBI patients, even in cases of mild TBI. Visuospatial/Executive function, memory and attention are the most commonly impaired cognitive functions in patients of TBI, and these are the main domain of cognition which differentiates mild impairmen…