Syncytial Knots (Tenney-Parker Changes) in the Human Placenta
Open accessAbstract
Syncytiotrophoblast is the multinucleated epithelium of the placenta. Although many nuclei are dispersed within the syncytioplasm, others are aggregated into specializations referred to as true and false syncytial knots, and syncytial sprouts. Nuclei within true knots display highly condensed chromatin and are thought to be aged and effete. True knots increase in frequency with gestational age. Excessive formation (Tenney-Parker change) is associated with placental pathology, and a knotting index is used to assess severity. However, this index is potentially confounded by the creation of artifactual appearances (false knots) through tangential sectioning. In addition, knots must be distinguished from syncytial sprouts, which are markers of trophoblast proliferation. Here, we distinguish between sprouts, true knots, and false knots using serial sections and perform IHC for proliferating cell nuclear antigen, upstream binding factor, RNA polymerase II, and 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine as markers of recent incorporation, transcriptional activity, and oxidative damage. Villous explants were exposed to hydrogen peroxide to test the relationship between transcriptional activity and oxidative damage. Sprouts and false knots were found to contain recently incorporated and transcriptionally active nuclei. By contrast, most nuclei within true knots are negative for transcriptional markers but positive for 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine. In vitro, we observed a negative correlation between transcriptional activity and oxidative damage. These findings demonstrate that true knots contain effete damaged nuclei and provide IHC markers for their identification.
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Nuclei that display particularly condensed chromatin aggregate in syncytial knots and are transcriptionally inactive.
“Nuclei that display particularly condensed chromatin aggregate in syncytial knots and are transcriptionally inactive (188).”
From Placental Origins of Chronic Disease (2016) · cites this paper as [188]
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- Authors
- Fogarty, N. M. E., Ferguson-Smith, A. C., & Burton, G. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Burton, Graham J.
- Venue
- The American Journal of Pathology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-07
- Volume
- 183
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 144-152
- ISSN
- 0002-9440 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1994022598
- Cited by
- 116
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 8.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- American Journal Of Pathology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (095606, 095606/Z/11/Z)
- Medical Research Council (MR/J001597/1)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Reproductive System and Pregnancy
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Studies
- Keywords
- syncytial knots, syncytiotrophoblast, placental pathology, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, UBF, RNA polymerase II, oxidative DNA damage, transcriptional activity, hydrogen peroxide, gestational age
- MeSH terms
- 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine, Cell Nucleus, Deoxyguanosine, Female, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Placenta, Pregnancy, RNA Polymerase II, Trophoblasts, Biomarkers, Transcriptional Activation, Oxidative Stress, Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen, Pol1 Transcription Initiation Complex Proteins
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