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Cited by 434Cardiovascular Health and Risk FactorsHealth Promotion and Cardiovascular PreventionHealth and Lifestyle Studies

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 17 of the 18 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Prevalence of multiple chronic disease risk factors

Fine, Lawrence J, Philogene, G.Stephane, Gramling, Robert, Coups, Elliot J, Sinha, Sarbajit·2004·American Journal of Preventive Medicine
DOI 10.1016/j.amepre.2004.04.017
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Abstract

Background Four common factors--cigarette smoking, risky drinking of alcoholic beverages, physical inactivity, and overweight--contribute substantially to chronic disease prevalence.Methods We used data from the 2001 National Health Interview Survey to provide an up-to-date picture of multiple risk factor prevalence and clustering in the U.S. population. We conducted a multinomial logit analysis to examine the independent association between each covariate and the dependent ordinal risk factor variable with three levels (none or one risk factor, two risk factors, and three or four risk factors).Results Seventeen percent of the sample of 29,183 subjects had three or more risk factors. For the entire sample, the mean number of risk factors was 1.68 (95% confidence interval [CI]=1.66-1.70). Many demographic and health factors were significantly associated with the mean number of risk factors including gender, age, ethnic/racial categories, education, martial status, presence of chronic diseases, level of mental distress, country of birth, and presence and type of health insurance. Using the risk factor score as the ordinal dependent variable, adjusted odds for having a risk score of three or four versus zero or one were as follows: men aged <65, 2.49 (95% CI=2.29-2.72); education attainment of high school graduate or less, 3.24 (95% CI=2.86-3.67); and individuals with high levels of mental distress, 2.06 (95% CI=1.65-2.58).Conclusions Our analyses confirm earlier reports of the high prevalence of multiple, clustered behavioral risk factors and underline the challenge this presents for primary care and public health systems.

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Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Ford, 2001, Achieving a healthy lifestyle among United States adults, Ethn Dis, 11, 224
  2. 1994, NCHS plan and operation of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994, Vital Health Stat, 1, 32

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Metadata

Authors
Fine, L. J., Philogene, G. S., Gramling, R., Coups, E. J., & Sinha, S.
Affiliations
  • National Institutes of Health (US)
  • Brown University (US)
  • Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (US)
Corresponding author
Fine, Lawrence J
ORCID
Venue
American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2004-08
Volume
27
Issue
2
Pages
18-24
ISSN
0749-3797 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.amepre.2004.04.017
OpenAlex
W1519124291
Cited by
434
References
18
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 37 · 2012: 26
FWCI
11.98
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • American Journal of Preventive Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Health Promotion and Cardiovascular Prevention
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Health and Lifestyle Studies
Keywords
risk factor clustering, cigarette smoking, hazardous drinking, physical inactivity, overweight, behavioral risk factors, prevalence, demographic associations, psychological distress, educational attainment, health insurance, primary care
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Alcohol Drinking, Chronic Disease, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Insurance, Health, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Risk Factors, Smoking, United States, Exercise, Body Mass Index, Prevalence

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