Cited by 255Obesity, Physical Activity, DietNutrition, Health and Food BehaviorUrban Transport and Accessibility

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McDonald’s Restaurants and Neighborhood Deprivation in Scotland and England

CUMMINS, S, MCKAY, L, MACINTYRE, S·2005·American Journal of Preventive Medicine

DOI 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.06.011

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Abstract

Background Features of the local fast food environment have been hypothesized to contribute to the greater prevalence of obesity in deprived neighborhoods. However, few studies have investigated whether fast food outlets are more likely to be found in poorer areas, and those that have are local case studies. In this paper, using national-level data, we examine the association between neighborhood deprivation and the density of McDonald's restaurants in small census areas (neighborhoods) in Scotland and England.Methods Data on population, deprivation, and the location of McDonald's Restaurants were obtained for 38,987 small areas in Scotland and England (6505 "data zones" in Scotland, and 32,482 "super output areas" in England) in January 2005. Measures of McDonald's restaurants per 1000 people for each area were calculated, and areas were divided into quintiles of deprivation. Associations between neighborhood deprivation and outlet density were examined during February 2005, using one-way analysis of variance in Scotland, England, and both countries combined.Results Statistically significant positive associations were found between neighborhood deprivation and the mean number of McDonald's outlets per 1000 people for Scotland (p<0.001), England (p<0.001), and both countries combined (p<0.001). These associations were broadly linear with greater mean numbers of outlets per 1000 people occurring as deprivation levels increased.Conclusions Observed associations between presence or absence of fast food outlets and neighborhood deprivation may provide support for environmental explanations for the higher prevalence of obesity in poor neighborhoods.

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Authors: CUMMINS, S., MCKAY, L., & MACINTYRE, S.
Affiliations: University of London (GB)
MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit (GB)
Corresponding author: CUMMINS, S
ORCID: CUMMINS, S
MACINTYRE, S
Venue: American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2005-11
Volume: 29
Issue: 4
Pages: 308-310
ISSN: 0749-3797 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.06.011
OpenAlex: W2082529005
Cited by: 255
References: 15
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 20
FWCI: 22.01
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: American Journal of Preventive Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
Social Sciences › Transportation › Urban Transport and Accessibility
Keywords: fast food restaurants, neighborhood disadvantage, obesity, food environment, socioeconomic disparities, Scotland, England
MeSH terms: England, Feeding Behavior, Humans, Obesity, Poverty Areas, Residence Characteristics, Restaurants, Scotland

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McDonald’s Restaurants and Neighborhood Deprivation in Scotland and England

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