Cited by 194Survey Methodology and NonresponseSurvey Sampling and Estimation TechniquesMobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing

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Design Effects in the Transition to Web-Based Surveys

Dillman, Don A., Smyth, Jolene D.·2007·American Journal of Preventive Medicine

DOI 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.03.008

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Abstract

Innovation within survey modes should always be mitigated by concerns about survey quality and in particular sampling, coverage, nonresponse, and measurement error. This is as true today with the development of web surveying as it was in the 1970s when telephone surveying was being developed. This paper focuses on measurement error in web surveys. Although Internet technology provides significant opportunities for innovation in survey design, systematic research has yet to be conducted on how most of the possible innovations might affect measurement error, leaving many survey designers "out in the cold." This paper summarizes recent research to provide an overview of how choosing the web mode affects the asking and answering of questions. It starts with examples of how question formats used in other survey modes perform differently in the web mode. It then provides examples of how the visual design of web surveys can influence answers in unexpected ways and how researchers can strategically use visual design to get respondents to provide their answers in a desired format. Finally, the paper concludes with suggested guidelines for web survey design.

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Authors: Dillman, D. A., & Smyth, J. D.
Affiliations: Washington State University (US)
Corresponding author: Dillman, Don A.
ORCID: Smyth, Jolene D.
Venue: American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2007-05
Volume: 32
Issue: 5
Pages: S90-S96
ISSN: 0749-3797 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.03.008
OpenAlex: W2042687462
Cited by: 194
References: 29
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 16
FWCI: 30.38
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: American Journal of Preventive Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Lincoln (University of Nebraska) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Survey Methodology and Nonresponse
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Survey Sampling and Estimation Techniques
Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Science Applications › Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing
Keywords: online surveys, measurement error, survey mode effects, question format, visual design, web survey design
MeSH terms: Data Collection, Medical Informatics, United States, User-Computer Interface, Internet

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Design Effects in the Transition to Web-Based Surveys

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