A comparison of black and white racial differences in health lifestyles and cardiovascular disease
Open accessAbstract
Introduction This study examines the health lifestyles of a cohort of blacks and whites in relation to cardiovascular disease (CVD). The link between health lifestyles and CVD is well established, but most of the focus has been on SES and more research is needed on racial differences.Methods Data were from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study of black (n=2,451) and white (n=2,351) men and women. Data were analyzed from baseline examinations in 1985-1986 when the participants were aged 18-30 years and any fatal or nonfatal CVD event that occurred over approximately the next 28 years (until August 2013). The first stage of the analysis used latent class models to identify distinct health lifestyles on the basis of race. The second stage used multinomial logit regression models to analyze specific characteristics in relation to the health lifestyles classes, followed by the third stage in which Cox proportional hazards models analyzed associations of the lifestyle classes with CVD risk.Results Four separate health lifestyle patterns for blacks and four for whites were identified, with the "unhealthy" lifestyle among blacks (hazard ratio, 1.60) and "most unhealthy" lifestyle among whites (hazard ratio, 3.12) showing an elevated risk of CVD. An important difference is that, in every lifestyle class, blacks showed a higher probability of excessive energy intake than whites-indicative of the potential for obesity.Conclusions Health lifestyles differ by race and support the exploratory hypothesis that distinct classes of healthy-unhealthy lifestyles exist within each racial group.
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Recently, researchers have begun to tie theoretical literature on health lifestyles to empirical examinations of clusters of a wide range of behaviors.
“Recently, researchers have begun to tie the theoretical literature on health lifestyles to empirical examinations of clusters of a wide range of behaviors (Cockerham et al., 2017; Mize, 2017; Mollborn et al., 2014; Saint Onge and Krueger, 2017; Skalamera and Hummer, 2016).”
From Health lifestyles across the transition to adulthood: implications for health (2017) · cites this paper as Cockerham et al., 2017
This nascent literature suggests that U.S. children, adolescents, and adults exhibit coherent patterns of behavior consistent with health lifestyles.
“This nascent literature suggests that U.S. children, adolescents, and adults exhibit coherent patterns of behavior, consistent with their conceptualization as health lifestyles.”
From Health lifestyles across the transition to adulthood: implications for health (2017) · cites this paper as Cockerham et al., 2017
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Health lifestyles across the transition to adulthood: implications for health
Lawrence, E. M., Mollborn, S., & Hummer, R. A. (2017) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.09.041 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
“Recently, researchers have begun to tie the theoretical literature on health lifestyles to empirical examinations of clusters of a wide range of behaviors (Cockerham et al., 2017; Mize, 2017; Mollborn et al., 2014; Saint Onge and Krueger, 2017; Skalamera and Hummer, 2016).”
Background
- Authors
- Cockerham, W. C., Bauldry, S., Hamby, B. W., Shikany, J. M., & Bae, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Alabama at Birmingham (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cockerham, William C.
- Venue
- American Journal of Preventive Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-01
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- S56-S62
- ISSN
- 0749-3797 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5396536
- OpenAlex
- W2565508450
- Cited by
- 41
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3
- FWCI
- 3.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- American Journal of Preventive Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HHSN268201300028C, HHS-N2-68201300029C, HHSN268201300027C, HHSN268200900041C, HHSN268201300026C, HHS-N2-68201300025C)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK079626)
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (U54MD008176)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health and Lifestyle Studies
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Keywords
- racial differences, health lifestyle, cardiovascular disease, Black and White comparison, lifestyle patterns, obesity, young adults, Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study, cardiovascular risk
- MeSH terms
- Healthy Lifestyle, Health Risk Behaviors, Adult, Black or African American, Cardiovascular Diseases, Female, Humans, Male, Obesity, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Proportional Hazards Models, White People, Racial Groups, Young Adult
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