The DOI matches its Crossref record; 54 of the 56 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Etiology of Insulin Resistance
Open accessAbstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and the prevalence is set to increase dramatically over the coming decades. Understanding the metabolic pathways that lead to type 2 diabetes is therefore an important healthcare objective. Novel investigational techniques based on magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) have allowed real-time insight into the molecular defects in patients with type 2 diabetes, revealing that insulin resistance is a product of decreased insulin-stimulated skeletal muscle glycogen synthesis, which can mostly be attributed to decreased insulin-stimulated glucose transport (Glut 4) activity. This defect appears to be a result of intracellular lipid-induced inhibition of insulin-stimulated insulin-receptor substrate (IRS)-1 tyrosine phosphorylation resulting in reduced IRS-1-associated phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinase activity. The hypothesis that insulin resistance is a result of accumulation of intracellular lipid metabolites (e.g., fatty acyl CoAs, diacylglycerol) in skeletal muscle and hepatocytes is supported by observations in patients and mouse models of lipodystrophy. Furthermore, the increase in hepatic insulin sensitivity observed in patients with type 2 diabetes following weight loss is also accompanied by a significant reduction in intrahepatic fat without any changes in circulating adipocytokines (interleukin-6, resistin, leptin). Finally, recent MRS studies in healthy, lean, elderly subjects and lean insulin-resistant offspring of parents with type 2 diabetes have demonstrated that reduced mitochondrial activity may also lead to increased intramyocellular lipid content and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle in these individuals. In summary, in vivo MRS has proved to be an important tool for elucidating the causal chain of events that causes insulin resistance. Understanding the cellular mechanism(s) of insulin resistance in turn offers the prospect of better targeted and more effective therapeutic interventions for treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“an increased intramyocellar fat content and fatty acid metabolites have been shown to play a pivotal role in the development of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle [11–15].”
From Pathogenesis of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle (2010) · cites this paper as [13]
In the citing paper
“Dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle.”
From Pathogenesis of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle (2010) · cites this paper as [13]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
International Diabetes Federation 2017
Carracher, A. M., Marathe, P. H., & Close, K. L. (2018) · Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1111/1753-0407.12644 · Cited by 13,379
The metabolic phenotype in obesity: Fat mass, body fat distribution, and adipose tissue function
Goossens, G. H. (2017) · Obesity Facts · doi:10.1159/000471488 · Cited by 8,481
Economic Costs of Diabetes in the U.S. in 2002
American Diabetes Association (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.3.917 · Cited by 4,147
Mechanisms of fatty acid-induced inhibition of glucose uptake.
Boden, G., Chen, X., Ruiz, J., White, J. V., & Rossetti, L. (1994) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci117252 · Cited by 3,720
Cellular mechanisms of insulin resistance
Shulman, G. I. (2000) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci10583 · Cited by 2,714
Self-citationBraissant, O., Foufelle, F., Scotto, C., Dauça, M., & Wahli, W. (1996) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.137.1.8536636 · Cited by 2,217
Impaired Mitochondrial Activity in the Insulin-Resistant Offspring of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Petersen, K. F., Dufour, S., Befroy, D., Garcia, R., & Shulman, G. I. (2004) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa031314 · Cited by 2,193
Self-citationMitochondrial dysfunction in the elderly: possible role in insulin resistance
Petersen, K. F., Befroy, D., Dufour, S., Dziura, J., Ariyan, C., Rothman, D. L., DiPietro, L., Cline, G. W., & Shulman, G. I. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1082889 · Cited by 2,107
Self-citationMechanism of free fatty acid-induced insulin resistance in humans.
Roden, M., Price, T. B., Perseghin, G., Petersen, K. F., Rothman, D. L., Cline, G. W., & Shulman, G. I. (1996) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci118742 · Cited by 1,539
Self-citationMechanism of hepatic insulin resistance in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Samuel, V. T., Liu, Z.-X., Qu, X., Elder, B. D., Bilz, S., Befroy, D., Romanelli, A. J., & Shulman, G. I. (2004) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m313478200 · Cited by 1,322
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 56 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Williamson, 2004, Primary prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by lifestyle intervention, Ann Intern Med, 40, 951
- Szczepaniak, 1999, Measurement of intracellular triglyceride stores by 1H spectroscopy, Am J Physiol, 276, E977
- Londos, 1996, Perilipin, Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 20, S97
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 601–700 of 825
Maldonado‐Hernández, J., Martínez-Basila, A., Matute-González, M. G., & López‐Alarcón, M. (2014) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2013.0263 · Cited by 4
“Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents a worldwide major public health concern because it is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases with related mortality and because it causes additional economic burden to countries, especially those with low-income economies.(1,2) Insulin resistance (IR) is central and occur…”
Molecular Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance
Draznin, B. (2009) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-192-5_6 · Cited by 4
Morcos, J. A., Ebeid, A. M., Khodeir, S. A., & El-Azab, G. A. (2017) · Journal of Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.4172/2155-6156.1000759 · Cited by 3
“When adipocyte storage capacity is exceeded, lipid “over-flows” into muscle, liver and β-cells, causing insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion [18-20].”
BackgroundGao, C., & Mantzoros, C. S. (2010) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-5583-9.00038-1 · Cited by 4
Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptors and The Metabolic Syndrome
Meiliana, A., & Wijaya, A. (2009) · The Indonesian Biomedical Journal · doi:10.18585/inabj.v1i1.79 · Cited by 4
MRS Studies of Muscle and Heart in Obesity and Diabetes
Prompers, J. J., & Nicolay, K. (2016) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470034590.emrstm1462 · Cited by 4
Lin, Z., Lu, D., Wu, S., Hu, Z.-H., Yang, X., Liu, P., Mao, S., Shan, Y.-Y., Chen, H., He, C.-Y., et al. (2025) · Hepatobiliary & pancreatic diseases international · doi:10.1016/j.hbpd.2025.11.002 · Cited by 3
Mănescu, D. C., Plastoi, C. D., Pîrvan, A., Dîrnu, R., Floroiu, E. A., & Popescu, A. (2026) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells15141236 · Cited by 5
Sambashivaiah, S., Bhadra, R., Bhattacharya, S., & Kurpad, A. (2023) · Journal of the Indian Institute of Science · doi:10.1007/s41745-022-00349-2 · Cited by 3
Zhao, T., Zhang, X., Xiang, Q., Liu, Y., Li, X., Gu, J., Zhang, W., Wang, Z., Li, Y., Lai, X., et al. (2025) · Current Issues in Molecular Biology · doi:10.3390/cimb47090732 · Cited by 3
“Glycogen and TG levels in liver tissue are strongly correlated with the severity of insulin resistance [42].”
Inositol Derivatives Stimulate Glucose Transport in Muscle Cells
Yap, A., Nishiumi, S., Yoshida, K., & Ashida, H. (2008) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9646-4_34 · Cited by 3
“A defect in glucose transport efficiency and GLUT4 activity results in insulin resistance [2].”
BackgroundInsulin Resistance and the Metabolic Syndrome
Linkner, E., & Humphreys, C. (2012) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-1793-8.00031-5 · Cited by 3
Role of Adipokines in Obesity and Obesity related Metabolic Disorders
Govindaraj, J., Govindaraj, K., Jayesh, S. R., Padmavathy, K., Mathangi, R., & Vidyarekha, U. (2021) · Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology · doi:10.52711/0974-360x.2021.00739 · Cited by 3
Potential role of microRNAs in selective hepatic insulin resistance: From paradox to the paradigm
Palihaderu, P. A. D. S., Mendis, B. I. L. M., Premarathne, J. M. K. J. K., Dias, W. K. R. R., Yeap, S. K., Ho, W. Y., Dissanayake, A. S., Rajapakse, I. H., Karunanayake, P., Senarath, U., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.1028846 · Cited by 3
“Once the INSR was phosphorylated, it is the IRS that binds with it, facilitating the downstream signaling cascade (4, 6).”
BackgroundAn Overview of the Therapeutic Efficacy of (-)-Epicatechin in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus
Dash, J. R., Pattnaik, G., Ghosh, G., Rath, G., & Kar, B. (2023) · The Natural Products Journal · doi:10.2174/2210315514666230831151545 · Cited by 3
Vitexin: A Dietary Flavonoid with Potential Protective Effects Against Liver Diseases
Dai, S., Fu, K., Liu, Y., Yao, Y., Zhang, F., Wu, R., Guo, Y., Yao, C., & Li, Y. (2024) · Food Reviews International · doi:10.1080/87559129.2024.2347478 · Cited by 3
“[122,123] By activating the serine phosphorylation of IRS-1 and its downstream target, protein kinase B (AKT), VIT was able to effectively improve insulin signaling transduction and thereby alleviate HFD-induced MAFLD in mice.”
The Role of Incomplete Fatty Acid β-Oxidation in the Development of Cardiac Insulin Resistance
Ussher, J. R. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-1227-8_14 · Cited by 3
Insulin Resistance and the Metabolic Syndrome
Linkner, E., & Humphreys, C. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-35868-2.00032-3 · Cited by 3
Aerobic exercise training versus the aetiology of insulin resistance
Yeo, S. E., & Coker, R. H. (2008) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461390701832645 · Cited by 4
“A brief summary follows; however, the reader is referred to several excellent reviews for a more detailed discussion of these molecular mechanisms (Hawley, 2004; Petersen & Shulman, 2006; Sell, Dietze-Schroeder, & Eckel, 2006).”
BackgroundFARMACOGENÉTICA DO TRATAMENTO DE DIABETE MELITO
Hirata, R. D. C., & Hirata, M. H. (2006) · Medicina (Ribeirão Preto) · doi:10.11606/issn.2176-7262.v39i4p554-561 · Cited by 3
Effects of Dietary Lipid Intake on Diabetes
Kadegowda, A. K. G., & Yu, L. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-78242-247-1.00006-5 · Cited by 5
Transcriptional Regulation of De Novo Lipogenesis in Liver
Zhang, D., & Yin, L. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-25065-6_1 · Cited by 4
Drug Discovery in the Autophagy Pathways
Liu, B., Cheng, Y., & Yang, J. (2012) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-385101-7.00010-3 · Cited by 3
Production and Metabolism of Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins in Both the Normal and Diabetic States
Pirillo, A., Norata, G. D., & Catapano, A. L. (2013) · Contemporary diabetes · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-7554-5_6 · Cited by 3
Sonographic Assessment of Heel Pad Thickness in Patients With Poorly Controlled Diabetes
Udoh, B. E., Archibong, B. E., & Egong, A. E. (2019) · Journal of diagnostic medical sonography · doi:10.1177/8756479319856283 · Cited by 3
“Reduced responsiveness to insulin in these tissues would lead to insulin resistance and later on to glucose intolerance and development of complications on the affected parts.(24) Various factors have been implicated in the development of insulin resistance.”
BackgroundModel-Based Therapeutics for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Wong, X. (2008) · UC Research Repository (University of Canterbury) · doi:10.26021/1222 · Cited by 3
Metabolic Syndrome in Humans and Horses: The Relationship Between Obesity and Insulin Resistance
Burns, T., & Toribio, R. (2016) · doi:10.1002/9781119169239.ch18 · Cited by 3
de Morais, H., Bôas, S. K. F. V., de Souza, C. O., Miksza, D. R., Moreira, C. C. L., Kurauti, M. A., Silva, F. D. F., Cassolla, P., da Silva, F. G., Limiere, L. C., et al. (2023) · Cell Biochemistry and Function · doi:10.1002/cbf.3859 · Cited by 2
Jia, D. T., Shen, X., Wang, Z., Yang, F., & Ke, N. (2025) · ANZ Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1111/ans.70222 · Cited by 2
“The deposition of fat within muscles results in the accumulation of lipid intermediates, such as diacylglycerol and ceramide, thereby compromising insulin signaling pathways [31, 32].”
Moschonis, G., Dacaya, P., Truong, T. T., Amoruso, A., & Pane, M. (2026) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu18071025 · Cited by 2
“This reduction occurred without a parallel rise in circulating insulin, suggesting that the improvement in glycaemic status was unlikely to be driven by increased insulin secretion and more plausibly reflected enhanced insulin sensitivity or improved regulation of endogenous glucose production [29].”
Ahmed, S. Y., Mohamed, A. S., Dakrory, A. I., & Abdelaziz, M. H. (2026) · Reproductive Sciences · doi:10.1007/s43032-026-02076-w · Cited by 2
“Many studies have shown that glucose significantly increased in HFD groups, similar to our findings [ 55–57].”
Reddy, B. M., Zameer, N., Shruthi, P., & Archita, N. (2026) · Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia · doi:10.13005/bbra/3484 · Cited by 2
Neto, W. H. J., Ramos, C. D. O., & de Souza, C. T. (2026) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2026.115427 · Cited by 2
Insights into the metabolism of lipids in obesity and diabetes
Ayeleso, A. O., Matumba, M. G., Ntambi, J. M., & Mukwevho, E. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819404-1.00017-8 · Cited by 2
Khajebishak, Y., Madani, S., Faghfouri, A. H., Soleimani, A., Ilaei, S., Peyrovi, S., & Payahoo, L. (2022) · Nutrition & Food Science · doi:10.1108/nfs-06-2022-0186 · Cited by 2
Morus alba (The Mulberry Fruit): Budding and unrecognised potential
Vishwakarma, P., Rai, G., Jain, N., Pandey, V., & Shukla, R. (2022) · Advance Pharmaceutical Journal · doi:10.31024/apj.2022.7.3.2 · Cited by 2
Sarma, M. K., Saucedo, A., Sadananthan, S. A., Darwin, C. H., Felker, E. R., Raman, S. S., Velan, S. S., & Thomas, M. A. (2025) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo15010025 · Cited by 2
Lan, N., Lai, M., Gao, Y., Wang, X., Chen, M., Bai, S., Wang, J., Yuan, W., & Ren, J. (2025) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12885-025-14401-8 · Cited by 2
Predictors of powerhouse: a perspective of mitochondrial biomarkers in type 2 diabetes
Muñoz-Úbeda, M., & Dash, S. N. (2025) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2025.1595557 · Cited by 3
“Mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle contributes to several aspects of the MetS, likely due to the pathological accumulation of intracellular lipids and lipid intermediates that inhibit metabolic signalling insulin (40, 42, 43).”
Khurana, N., Sharma, P. K., Bhagat, S., & Sharma, S. B. (2018) · Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics · doi:10.22270/jddt.v8i6-s.2080 · Cited by 2
“Procedure for synthesis of methyl 4-((benzyloxy) amino)-2-hydroxy-4-oxobutanoate (4)”
MethodInfluentialComan, C., & Socaciu, C. (2012) · Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca Agriculture · doi:10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:8766 · Cited by 2
Hussain, M. W., Janghorbani, M., Schuette, S. A., Considine, R. V., Chisholm, R., & Mather, K. J. (2014) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2014.11.009 · Cited by 2
“Investigations to date have implicated defects in multiple stages of glucose handling and metabolism, including the pancreatic response to ingestion (1), glucose absorption (2), glucose and insulin delivery to peripheral tissues (3, 4), tissue insulin receptor signaling responses (5-7), and transmembrane transport and…”
BackgroundINSULIN RESISTANCE IN THE ELDERLY
Setiati, S. (2009) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.1991.tb03044.x · Cited by 2
Fatouros, I. G., & Mitrakou, A. (2012) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b12085-16 · Cited by 2
Role of Micro-And Macro-Nutrients in Obesity Onset
Amp, R. (2016) · Global Journal of Obesity Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.17352/2455-8583.000014 · Cited by 2
“The ensuing lipotoxicity [11] further compromises insulin responsiveness in peripheral tissues including skeletal muscles [11], with consequent negative impact on glycemic control.”
BackgroundEating behavior disinhibition predicts insulin resistance in the Old Order Amish.
Schwab, S. E., Xu, T., Ryan, K. A., & Steinle, N. (2017) · PubMed · Cited by 2
Dakam, W., Azombo, E. L. A., Biyegue, C. F. N., Mpondo, E. A. M., & Oben, J. E. (2020) · Journal of Food Research · doi:10.5539/jfr.v10n1p14 · Cited by 2
“High and (or) persisting postprandial hyperglycemia characterizing glucose intolerance or poor glycemic control occurs early in the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes (Petersen & Schulman, 2006).”
BackgroundInfluentialLund, J., Krapf, S. A., Sistek, M., Bakke, H. G., Bartesaghi, S., Peng, X., Rustan, A. C., Thoresen, G. H., & Kase, E. T. (2021) · Current Research in Pharmacology and Drug Discovery · doi:10.1016/j.crphar.2021.100061 · Cited by 2
“The mechanisms underlying insulin resistance are not fully elucidated; however, increased levels of plasma free fatty acids and TAG, as well as hyperglycemia are suggested as causal factors (Tom as et al., 2002; Aas et al. 2004, 2005, 2006, 2011; Petersen and Shulman, 2006).”
BackgroundMediators of Insulin Resistance
Pereira, R. I., & Maahs, D. M. (2009) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-192-5_10 · Cited by 2
Liver mitochondrial function in ZDF rats during the early stages of diabetes disease
Vial, G., Guen, M. L., Lamarche, F., Détaille, D., Cottet‐Rousselle, C., Demaison, L., Hininger‐Favier, I., Theurey, P., Crouzier, D., Debouzy, J. C., et al. (2016) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.12686 · Cited by 2
Subramanian, S. P. (2018) · Journal of Diabetes and Obesity · doi:10.15436/2376-0494.18.1690 · Cited by 2
“Circulating FFAs are primarily derived from the cleavage of triacylglycerol (TAG) of fat deposits by enzymes, notably fatty triacylglycerol lipase and hormone sensitive lipase[45].”
BackgroundNashawi, M., Ahmed, M. S., Amin, T., Abualfoul, M., & CHILTON, R. J. (2021) · World Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.4330/wjc.v13.i12.676 · Cited by 2
Model and analysis: Diabetes and obesity
Al-Hashmi, S. (2007) · ThinkTech (Texas Tech University) · Cited by 2
An investigation into the anti-obesity properties of Cyclopia
Jack, B. U. (2016) · SUNScholar (Stellenbosch University) · Cited by 2
Li, X. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-15793-6.00003-2 · Cited by 2
Leskinen, T. (2013) · Jyväskylä University Digital Archive (University of Jyväskylä) · Cited by 2
Segmentation guided dual-branch classification for measuring fat infiltration in paraspinal muscles
Jing, C., Jiang, H., Li, Y., Liu, Q., Xiao, J., Yu, S., & Gan, M. (2025) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2025.127260 · Cited by 1
Timing of glucose intake drives distinct hepatic outcomes: Divergent glucose and lipid metabolism
Zhang, X., Ma, C., Chang, S., Li, X., & Wang, Q. (2025) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2025.112611 · Cited by 2
A systematic review on biosynthesis, bioactivities, and therapeutic potential of Spinosin
Wu, X., Yuan, Y., Du, J., & Cao, H. (2025) · Phytochemistry Reviews · doi:10.1007/s11101-025-10133-6 · Cited by 1
“…decreased insulin sensitivity, refers to the insufficient effect of insulin to carry out its normal physiological role, is a phenomenon in which adipocytes, muscle cells, and hepatocytes do not respond adequately to normal concentrations of insulin (Petersen & Shulman 2006; Yaribeygi et al. 2019).”
Ołdakowska, M., Cierzniak, A., Jurek, T., & Małodobra-Mazur, M. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26157398 · Cited by 3
“This finding suggests a close relationship between mitochondrial activity and inflammatory response, specifically in SAT [71].”
Grenga, C., Guarnieri, R., Giorgio, R. D., Veroi, G., Curreli, M., Masi, D., Lubrano, C., & Barbato, E. (2026) · Clinical Oral Investigations · doi:10.1007/s00784-026-06818-7 · Cited by 1
Metabolic Flux Adaptations During GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Therapy: Redox Implications
Lee, J., You, J. H., Park, H. J., Roh, J.-L., & Paek, S. H. (2026) · Current Obesity Reports · doi:10.1007/s13679-026-00709-4 · Cited by 1
“As skeletal muscle represents a major site of glucose disposal and systemic energy expenditure [89, 90 ], its preservation is central to durable metabolic adaptation.”
Alterations in glucocorticoid homeostasis following sleeve gastrectomy in male mice
Moser, S. O., Moscalu, A., Roberts, C. F., Späne, P. M., Winter, D. V., Joos, F. L., Gómez, C., Sheu, E. G., & Odermatt, A. (2026) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00385.2025 · Cited by 1
Evaluation of Mitochondrial Functions and Dysfunctions in Muscle Biopsy Samples
Capel, F., Barquissau, V., Richard, R., & Morio, B. (2012) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/30705 · Cited by 1
“…new concept has emerged pointing out muscle mitochondrial dysfunction as the leading cause for TAG accumulation in obesity and insulin resistance (Petersen & Shulman, 2006). www.intechopen.com Evaluation of Mitochondrial Functions and Dysfunctions in Muscle Biopsy Samples 89 Abdul-Ghani et al.,…”
BackgroundGenetics of Endothelial Damage Associated to Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
Garcı́a, L., Wolff, C., Araya, V., López, G. L., Lobos, S., Durruty, P., & Seelenfreu, D. (2011) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/21686 · Cited by 1
“This disease is considered a multifactorial pathology that involves insulin resistance and is associated to obesity, dyslipidemia, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and hypertension (Petersen & Shulman, 2006).”
Molecular Modeling of Quercetin Binding to the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Gamma
Coman, C., & Socaciu, C. (2011) · Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca Agriculture · doi:10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:6556 · Cited by 1
Evidence for Histidine Residues on Plasma Membrane Phosphatidate Phosphohydrolase from Rat Liver
Heidarian, E., & Haghighi, B. (2008) · Iranian journal of basic medical sciences. · doi:10.22038/ijbms.2008.5227 · Cited by 1
“The regulation of TAG storage is important in human diseases because both excessive and inadequate fat storage are associated with dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and diabetes (6-8).”
BackgroundJoseph, D. E., & Essop, M. F. (2014) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.07.273 · Cited by 1
“For example, metabolic perturbations associated with obesity and/or increased consumption of energy-dense foodstuffs, coupled with a sedentary lifestyle may fuel this process [1,2].”
BackgroundPrevention of Osteoporosis by Physical Signals
Rubin, C. T., Judex, S., Qin, Y., & Rubin, J. E. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-415853-5.00023-6 · Cited by 1
PKC ε Contributes to Chronic Ethanol‐Induced Steatosis in Mice but not Inflammation and Necrosis
Kaiser, J. P., Guo, L., Beier, J. I., Zhang, J., Bhatnagar, A., & Arteel, G. E. (2014) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.12324 · Cited by 1
Insulin Resistance in Pediatric Disease
Bremer, A. A. (2012) · Pediatric Annals · doi:10.3928/00904481-20120110-07 · Cited by 1
Development of a computational model of glucose toxicity in the progression of diabetes mellitus
Pérez-Rivera, D. T., Torres-Torres, V. L., Torres-Colón, A. E., & Cruz-Aponte, M. (2016) · Mathematical Biosciences & Engineering · doi:10.3934/mbe.2016029 · Cited by 1
Diabetes and Health Care: An Overview
Abhilash, M., & Augustine, R. (2014) · Apple Academic Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b16415-6 · Cited by 2
Serum Retinol-Binding Protein, Obesity, and Insulin Resistance
Bhat, P. V., & Manolescu, D.-C. (2013) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b15313-3 · Cited by 1
Mulvihill, E. E., Allister, E. M., Sutherland, B. G., Telford, D. E., Edwards, J. Y., Markle, J. M., Hegele, R. A., Huff, M. W., & Allister, E. M. (2009) · Cited by 1
Metabolic Syndrome: An Emerging Threat
Rahman, Q. A. A., Razzak, M. A., & Wahab, M. A. (2020) · Journal of Armed Forces Medical College, Bangladesh · doi:10.3329/jafmc.v14i2.45911 · Cited by 1
Production and Metabolism of Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins: Impact of Diabetes
Pirillo, A., Norata, G. D., & Catapano, A. L. (2023) · Contemporary diabetes · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-26681-2_7 · Cited by 3
Overview of Metabolic Syndrome
Ahima, R. S. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-12125-3_1-2 · Cited by 2
Sugars and Cardiovascular Disease
Rippe, J. M. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-8077-9_21 · Cited by 1
Cantó, C. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811752-1.00017-1 · Cited by 1
Manni, A., & Quarde, A. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-49872-6_4 · Cited by 1
Donatini, B., & Le Blaye, I. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Case Studies · doi:10.16966/2471-4925.216 · Cited by 1
“Overweight and obesity are characterized by increased adipose tissue mass resulting in low-grade inflammation and development of T2DM and cardiovascular disease [92-94].”
BackgroundDiabetes Mellitus and the Metabolic Syndrome
Yap, H. L., & Chahal, H. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316681053.011 · Cited by 1
da Silva, C. A., Cancelliero, K. M., & Costa, D. (2009) · PubMed · Cited by 1
Studies of the interaction between diabetes family history, exercise, adiposity and metabolic health
Barwell, N. D. (2010) · Enlighten: Theses (The University of Glasgow) · Cited by 1
Insulin Resistance and Inhibitors of the Insulin Receptor Tyrosine Kinase
YOUNGREN, J. F. (2008) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-60327-116-5_15 · Cited by 1
Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: what is it, when does it occur, and why does it matter?
Preiss, D., & Sattar, N. A. (2007) · Practical Diabetes · doi:10.1002/pdi.1131 · Cited by 1
The other lipids: Ectopic lipids with emphasis on skeletal muscle
Luu, L. C. T., & Ravussin, É. (2008) · Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports · doi:10.1007/s12170-008-0005-4 · Cited by 1
“Furthermore, imaging studies have demonstrated that visceral adiposity is specifically associated with metabolic alterations of obesity in men and women [ 3 ].”
BackgroundCARDIOVASCULAR RISK AND THE UROLOGICAL PATIENT
Kirby, M. G., & Kirby, R. S. (2009) · British Journal of Urology · doi:10.1111/j.1464-410x.2009.08690.x · Cited by 1
Genetic and acquired lipodystrophies: from fat redistribution to insulin resistance and aging
Capeau, J., Magré, J., Caron, M., Lagathu, C., Bastard, J., & Vigouroux, C. (2006) · Future Lipidology · doi:10.2217/17460875.1.5.593 · Cited by 1
“At the cellular level, it has been proposed that increased acyl-CoA derivatives from fatty acids could activate different isoforms of protein kinase C which, through the phosphorylation of serine residues of the insulin receptor substrate protein IRS1, impede the transduction of the insulin signal [12].”
BackgroundDiabetic cardiomyopathy: phenotypes, mechanisms, and therapeutic targets
Johnson, E. J. (2015) · Research Exchange (Washington State University) · Cited by 1
Cardiovascular and hematopoietic responses to volatile benzene exposure.
Abplanalp, W. T. (2016) · ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository (University of Louisville) · doi:10.18297/etd/2508 · Cited by 1
“insulin resistance in adipose tissue increases hydrolysis of triglycerides resulting in elevated plasma free fatty acid levels (151).”
BackgroundSphingolipid Metabolism and Insulin Resistance in Dairy Cattle
Navarrete, J. E. R. (2016) · The Research Repository @ WVU (West Virginia University) · doi:10.33915/etd.7238 · Cited by 1
“Membrane-bound PIP3 recruits and activates the phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK-1), which phosphorylates Akt on threonine 308, in addition to PDK-2, which phosphorylates on serine 473, rendering Akt fully active (Saltiel and Kahn, 2001; Petersen and Shulman, 2006).”
BackgroundThe Role of Angiopoietin-like 4 in Lipid Homeostasis
Gray, N. E. (2012) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · Cited by 1
The molecular and genetic basis of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Wei, N., & Florez, J. C. (2009) · Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja) · Cited by 1
Membrane Lipid Switches: How Membrane Lipid Structure Influences Protein–Lipid InteractionsPreprint
Torres, M., Rosselló, C. A., Fernández‐García, P., Lladó, V., & Escribá, P. V. (2020) · doi:10.32545/encyclopedia202004.0017.v2
Bhowmik, M., Mia, M., Saiedullah, M., Islam, S. M. R., & Akter, S. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2657293/v1 · Cited by 1
Effect of Nedd4 Haploinsufficiency on Insulin Sensitivity, Adiposity and Neuronal Behaviors
Li, J. (2014) · doi:10.21007/etd.cghs.2014.0181 · Cited by 1
“…metabolites including acyl-CoAs, ceramides, and diacyglycerol (DAG), which can activate protein kinases such as PKC, c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), and the inhibitor of nuclear factor- - - nases in turn increases the inhibitory serine phosphorylation of IRS1/2 (Petersen and Shulman, 2006).”
BackgroundInfluential
Metadata
- Authors
- Petersen, K. F., & Shulman, G. I.
- Affiliations
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Venue
- The American Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-05
- Volume
- 119
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- S10-S16
- ISSN
- 0002-9343 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2995525
- OpenAlex
- W1982488301
- Cited by
- 825
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 44 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 55 · 2013: 52 · 2012: 43
- FWCI
- 10.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The American Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG023686)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK040936)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Keywords
- insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation, PI3K signaling, intracellular lipid accumulation, fatty acyl-CoA, diacylglycerol, lipodystrophy, hepatic insulin sensitivity, weight loss, intrahepatic fat, mitochondrial dysfunction, intramyocellular lipid, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, adipokines
- MeSH terms
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin Resistance, Mitochondria, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Obesity, Phosphoproteins, Weight Loss, Thiazolidinediones, Glucose Transporter Type 4, Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
