The DOI matches its Crossref record; 94 of the 97 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Complications of Viral Influenza
Open accessAbstract
Viral influenza is a seasonal infection associated with significant morbidity and mortality. In the United States more than 35,000 deaths and 200,000 hospitalizations due to influenza occur annually, and the number is increasing. Children aged less than 1 year and adults aged more than 65 years, pregnant woman, and people of any age with comorbid illnesses are at highest risk. Annual vaccination is the cornerstone of prevention, but some older patients may derive less benefit from immunization than otherwise fit individuals. If started promptly, antiviral medications may reduce complications of acute influenza, but increasing resistance to amantadine and perhaps neuraminidase inhibitors underscores the need for novel prevention and treatment strategies. Pulmonary complications of influenza are most common and include primary influenza and secondary bacterial infection. Either may cause pneumonia, and each has a unique clinical presentation and pathologic basis. Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant strains, is an important cause of secondary bacterial pneumonia with high mortality. During influenza season, treatment of pneumonia should include empiric coverage for this pathogen. Neuromuscular and cardiac complications are unusual but may manifest in persons of any age.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The spread of bacteria such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and highly pathogenic clones of Streptococcus pyogenes pose more general risks [86].”
From Predominant Role of Bacterial Pneumonia as a Cause of Death in Pandemic Influenza: Implications for Pandemic Influenza Preparedness (2008) · cites this paper as [86]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases.
(1991) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-114-9-818_5 · Cited by 12,045
Mandell, L. A., Wunderink, R. G., Anzueto, A., Bartlett, J. G., Campbell, G. D., Dean, N. C., Dowell, S. F., File, T. M., Musher, D. M., Niederman, M. S., et al. (2007) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/511159 · Cited by 6,182
Fiore, A. E., Shay, D. K., Broder, K. R., Iskander, J. K., Uyeki, T. M., Mootrey, G., Bresee, J. S., & Cox, N. S. (2001) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e548312006-001 · Cited by 5,006
Mortality Associated With Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus in the United States
Thompson, W. W., Shay, D. K., Weintraub, E., Brammer, L., Cox, N., Anderson, L. J., & Fukuda, K. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.2.179 · Cited by 3,673
Influenza-Associated Hospitalizations in the United States
Thompson, W. W. (2004) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.292.11.1333 · Cited by 2,213
Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Infection in Humans
The Writing Committee of the World Health Organization (WHO) Consultation on Human Influenza A/H5 (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra052211 · Cited by 1,294
Avian Influenza Virus (H5N1): a Threat to Human Health
Peiris, M. J. S., de Jong, M. D., & Guan, Y. (2007) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.00037-06 · Cited by 1,030
Efficacy and Safety of the Oral Neuraminidase Inhibitor Oseltamivir in Treating Acute Influenza
Treanor, J. J., Hayden, F. G., Vrooman, P., Barbarash, R. A., Bettis, R. B., Riff, D. S., Singh, S., Kinnersley, N., Ward, P., Mills, R., et al. (2000) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.283.8.1016 · Cited by 1,019
Influenza and the Rates of Hospitalization for Respiratory Disease among Infants and Young Children
Izurieta, H. S., Thompson, W., Kramarz, P., Shay, D. K., Davis, R. L., Destefano, F. R., BLACK, S. B., Shinefield, H. R., & Fukuda, K. (2000) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200001273420402 · Cited by 1,013
Oseltamivir Resistance during Treatment of Influenza A (H5N1) Infection
de Jong, M. D., Thanh, T. T., Khanh, T. H., Hien, V. M., Smith, G. J. D., Chau, N. V., Cam, B. V., Qui, P. T., Ha, D. Q., Guan, Y., et al. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa054512 · Cited by 900
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Simonsen, 2005, Researchers defend influenza vaccine study, Infectious Disease News
- Beigel, 2005, Avian influenza A (H5N1) infection in humans, N Engl J Med, 353, 1374, 10.1056/NEJMra052211 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Morens, D. M., Taubenberger, J. K., & Fauci, A. S. (2008) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/591708 · Cited by 1,625
“The spread of bacteria such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and highly pathogenic clones of Streptococcus pyogenes pose more general risks [86].”
BackgroundRespiratory Viral Infections in Infants: Causes, Clinical Symptoms, Virology, and Immunology
Tregoning, J. S., & Schwarze, J. (2010) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.00032-09 · Cited by 768
Paules, C. I., & Subbarao, K. (2017) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(17)30129-0 · Cited by 786
Immunity and immunopathology to viruses: what decides the outcome?
Rouse, B. T., & Sehrawat, S. (2010) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2802 · Cited by 636
Imaging of Pulmonary Viral Pneumonia
Franquet, T. (2011) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.11092149 · Cited by 380
Metadata
- Authors
- Rothberg, M. B., Haessler, S. D., & Brown, R. B.
- Affiliations
- Tufts University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rothberg, Michael B.
- Venue
- The American Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-04
- Volume
- 121
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 258-264
- ISSN
- 0002-9343 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7172971
- OpenAlex
- W2039118188
- Cited by
- 456
- References
- 97
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 27
- FWCI
- 3.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The American Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Respiratory viral infections research
- Keywords
- influenza complications, influenza-associated pneumonia, secondary bacterial pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, influenza vaccination, antiviral resistance, amantadine, neuraminidase inhibitors, influenza mortality, influenza hospitalization, neuromuscular complications, cardiac complications
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Infant, Influenza, Human, Influenza Vaccines, Male, Orthomyxoviridae, Pneumonia, Viral, Pregnancy, Severity of Illness Index, United States, Vaccination, Superinfection, Survival Analysis, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution, Risk Assessment
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
