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Cited by 2,213Influenza Virus Research StudiesRespiratory viral infections researchPneumonia and Respiratory Infections

Influenza-Associated Hospitalizations in the United States

Thompson, William W.·2004·JAMA
DOI 10.1001/jama.292.11.1333
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Abstract

CONTEXT: Respiratory viral infections are responsible for a large number of hospitalizations in the United States each year. OBJECTIVE: To estimate annual influenza-associated hospitalizations in the United States by hospital discharge category, discharge type, and age group. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) data and World Health Organization Collaborating Laboratories influenza surveillance data were used to estimate annual average numbers of hospitalizations associated with the circulation of influenza viruses from the 1979-1980 through the 2000-2001 seasons in the United States using age-specific Poisson regression models. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We estimated influenza-associated hospitalizations for primary and any listed pneumonia and influenza and respiratory and circulatory hospitalizations. RESULTS: Annual averages of 94,735 (range, 18,908-193,561) primary and 133,900 (range, 30,757-271,529) any listed pneumonia and influenza hospitalizations were associated with influenza virus infections. Annual averages of 226,54 (range, 54,523-430,960) primary and 294,128 (range, 86,494-544,909) any listed respiratory and circulatory hospitalizations were associated with influenza virus infections. Persons 85 years or older had the highest rates of influenza-associated primary respiratory and circulatory hospitalizations (1194.9 per 100,000 persons). Children younger than 5 years (107.9 primary respiratory and circulatory hospitalizations per 100,000 persons) had rates similar to persons aged 50 through 64 years. Estimated rates of influenza-associated hospitalizations were highest during seasons in which A(H3N2) viruses predominated, followed by B and A(H1N1) seasons. After adjusting for the length of each influenza season, influenza-associated primary pneumonia and influenza hospitalizations increased over time among the elderly. There were no significant increases in influenza-associated primary respiratory and circulatory hospitalizations after adjusting for the length of the influenza season. CONCLUSIONS: Significant numbers of influenza-associated hospitalizations in the United States occur among the elderly, and the numbers of these hospitalizations have increased substantially over the last 2 decades due in part to the aging of the population. Children younger than 5 years had rates of influenza-associated hospitalizations similar to those among individuals aged 50 through 64 years. These findings highlight the need for improved influenza prevention efforts for both young and older US residents.

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  • The final sample size of 27 studies and more than 3000 patients is relatively small compared to annual estimates of up to 200,000 influenza-related hospitalizations.

    “First of all, although our final sample size included 27 studies and more than 3000 patients, these are relatively small numbers compared to annual estimates of up to 200 000 influenza‐related hospitalizations.65”

    From The frequency of influenza and bacterial coinfection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (2016) · cites this paper as [65]

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Authors
Thompson, W. W.
Affiliations
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
Corresponding author
Thompson, William W.
ORCID
Thompson, William W.
Venue
JAMA
Publisher
American Medical Association (AMA)
Published
2004-09-15
Volume
292
Issue
11
Pages
1333
ISSN
  • 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
  • 0098-7484
DOI
10.1001/jama.292.11.1333
OpenAlex
W2058144955
Cited by
2,213
References
38
Citations by year
2026: 13 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 47 · 2021: 85 · 2020: 87 · 2019: 99 · 2018: 97 · 2017: 113 · 2016: 127 · 2015: 193 · 2014: 124 · 2013: 149 · 2012: 178
FWCI
51.98
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • JAMA (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Influenza Virus Research Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Respiratory viral infections research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
Keywords
influenza-associated hospitalizations, influenza, H3N2, influenza B, H1N1 influenza, older adults, children under five, influenza surveillance, population aging, hospital discharge data
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child, Preschool, Hospitalization, Humans, Influenza, Human, Length of Stay, Middle Aged, Morbidity, Influenza A virus, Influenza B virus, Patient Discharge, Pneumonia, Seasons, United States, Poisson Distribution, Age Distribution, International Classification of Diseases

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