The DOI matches its Crossref record; 10 of the 10 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 21 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Accessing Mental Health Services in Africa: Current state, efforts, challenges and recommendation
Open accessAbstract
The COVID-19 pandemic brought to the surface the dwindling state of mental health services in Africa. While most countries have policies targeted at mental health problems, these policies are often weak and outdated to combat the present challenges. Africa faces various challenges in mental health delivery, ranging from inadequate staffing to sociocultural stigma and lack of effort from the government in terms of policies and funding. Many countries do not have the budgetary allocation for mental health. while those with budgetary allocation spend less than 5% of government health expenditure on mental health. Considering the continent's socioeconomic difficulties, it is almost a given that mental health illnesses will be on the rise. The continent's growing population, which is majorly youth, means that mental health services will be in high demand in the coming years. Therefore, the relevant stakeholders must look into the challenges and respond with a sense of urgency.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
The paper reviews Africa’s mental health services, highlighting severe workforce, facility, funding, and stigma barriers amid rising demand. It recommends integrating mental health into primary care, strengthening policies and funding, and scaling up community-based anti-stigma and service efforts.
Key findings
- Africa’s mental health workforce and service use are far below global averages: 1.4 mental health workers per 100,000 people versus 9 globally, and about 14 outpatient mental health visits per 100,000 people versus 1,051 globally; in Sierra Leone, an estimated 98% of people lack access to mental health care.
- Demand is rising: Africa’s population increased by 49% over the previous two decades, while years lost to disability from mental and substance use disorders increased by 52%; 17.9 million years were lost to disability due to mental health issues in 2015.
- Barriers are largely attitudinal (96.3%) and structural; 82% of the population would decline fundamental social interactions with mental health patients, and many countries lack mental health budgetary allocation, while those with allocation spend less than 5% of government health expenditure on mental health.
- Facility and staffing shortages are severe: Egypt has 15 mental hospitals with less than 10 inpatient beds per 100,000 population; Nigeria has seven government mental hospitals with no more than four inpatient beds per 100,000; Uganda had one national mental hospital and 1.64 inpatient beds per 100,000; psychiatrists are generally below the recommended 1 per 10,000 population ratio.
Methods
- Not stated in the paper.
- The text is a narrative overview/commentary drawing on cited literature and reports; no primary data collection, sample, or formal analysis is described.
Limitations
- The paper states no limitations.
- Evident: there is no systematic search strategy, inclusion criteria, or quality appraisal of cited sources.
- Evident: broad continental conclusions are drawn from selected country examples and secondary data, with no primary data or formal evaluation of the recommendations.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
Integrity signals
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Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
21 Not checked yet · 5 Own interpretation
In the paper
“In Sierra Leone, it is estimated that 98% of people lack access to mental health care.”
§ Accessing Mental Health Services in Africa: Current state, efforts, challenges and recommendation > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [4] Yoder H.N. Tol W.A. Reis R. de Jong J.T. Child mental health in Sierra Leone: a survey and exploratory qualitative study Int. J. Ment. Health Syst. 10 2016 48 27354854 PMC4924306
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“The absence of a defined catchment basis for siting service delivery also confounds the problem and invariably leads to patients losing to follow-up, especially when they travel long distances [14].”
§ Accessing Mental Health Services in Africa: Current state, efforts, challenges and recommendation > Challenges
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [14] Total number (gov. and non gov.) [Internet]. Available from: https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/topics/19280-country-classification Accessed
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“In addition, there are not many studies on psychiatric diseases in Africa [4].”
§ Accessing Mental Health Services in Africa: Current state, efforts, challenges and recommendation > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [4] Yoder H.N. Tol W.A. Reis R. de Jong J.T. Child mental health in Sierra Leone: a survey and exploratory qualitative study Int. J. Ment. Health Syst. 10 2016 48 27354854 PMC4924306
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Mental health patients are considered dangerous, and 82% of the population would decline in their fundamental social interactions.”
§ Accessing Mental Health Services in Africa: Current state, efforts, challenges and recommendation > Challenges
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [17] (MPS) [Internet] Documents Produced by Mental Health Policy and Service Development 2001 Available from: http://www.who.int/mental_health/Publication_Pages/Pubs_General.htm Accessed
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Over the next 30 years, Africa's population, primarily comprised of young people, will nearly double [9].”
§ Accessing Mental Health Services in Africa: Current state, efforts, challenges and recommendation > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [9] United Nations United Nations Development Programme: Sustainable Development Goals 2018 http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals.html accessed
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“In most African countries, the number of available Psychiatrists is primarily less than the recommended 1 to 10 000 population ratio [15].”
§ Accessing Mental Health Services in Africa: Current state, efforts, challenges and recommendation > Challenges
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [15] Total number (gov. and non gov.) [Internet]. Available from: https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/topics/19280-country-classification Accessed
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Mental health patients are considered dangerous, and 82% of the population would decline in their fundamental social interactions.”
§ Accessing Mental Health Services in Africa: Current state, efforts, challenges and recommendation > Challenges
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [17] (MPS) [Internet] Documents Produced by Mental Health Policy and Service Development 2001 Available from: http://www.who.int/mental_health/Publication_Pages/Pubs_General.htm Accessed
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“These assertions are uniformly distributed among the community [17].”
§ Accessing Mental Health Services in Africa: Current state, efforts, challenges and recommendation > Challenges
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [17] (MPS) [Internet] Documents Produced by Mental Health Policy and Service Development 2001 Available from: http://www.who.int/mental_health/Publication_Pages/Pubs_General.htm Accessed
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 13
- Probably not a substantial claim. 6
In the paper
“Also, help is sometimes sought from traditional and spiritual healers as mental health is sometimes believed to be a spiritual problem [18].”
§ Accessing Mental Health Services in Africa: Current state, efforts, challenges and recommendation > Challenges
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [18] Gureje O. Abdulmalik J. Kola L. Musa E. Yasamy M.T. Adebayo K. Integrating mental health into primary care in Nigeria: report of a demonstration project using the mental health gap action programme intervention guide BMC Health Serv. Res. [Internet] 2015 Jun 21 [cited 2022 Jul 30];15(1). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26094025/ PMC4475323 26094025
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Most of the centres are located in urban areas, restricting access to more than 50% of the population living in rural areas, which usually comprise 65% of patients [13].”
§ Accessing Mental Health Services in Africa: Current state, efforts, challenges and recommendation > Challenges
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [13] Total number (gov. and non gov.) [Internet]. Available from: https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/topics/19280-country-classification Accessed
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Africa's population increased by 49% over the previous two decades [6].”
§ Accessing Mental Health Services in Africa: Current state, efforts, challenges and recommendation > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [6] WHO. Mental Health Atlas 2014 2015 World Health Organization http://www.who.int/mental_ health/evidence/atlas/executive_summary_en.pdf?ua=1Geneva accessed
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Additionally, the global annual rate of visits to outpatient mental health facilities is 1051 per 100 000 people, but when Africa is zoomed in, it is only about 14 per 100 000 [3].”
§ Accessing Mental Health Services in Africa: Current state, efforts, challenges and recommendation > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [3] WHO. Global Health Estimates 2016: Burden of Disease by Cause, Age 2018 sex, by country and by region, 2000–2016 http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/estimates/en/index1.html accessed
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The number of years lost to disability due to mental and substance use disorders also increased concurrently by 52% [7].”
§ Accessing Mental Health Services in Africa: Current state, efforts, challenges and recommendation > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [7] United Nations United Nations Development Program: Sustainable Development Goals 2018 http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals.html accessed
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“For instance, a poll on mental health conducted by the Africa Polling Institute (API) and EpiAFRIC in Nigeria, the most populous nation in Africa, reveals a poor awareness of mental health, with the majority of respondents unaware that they have mental health illnesses [1].”
§ Accessing Mental Health Services in Africa: Current state, efforts, challenges and recommendation > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Abdulmalik J. Olayiwola S. Doceat S. Lund C. Chisholm D. Gureje O. Sustainable financing mechanisms for strengthening mental health systems in Nigeria Int. J. Mental. Health Syst. 13 1 2019 38 PMC6543636 31164918
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The young African population, with the absence of an adequate number of mental health service providers and robust policies, means mental health illnesses might become a health emergency.”
§ Accessing Mental Health Services in Africa: Current state, efforts, challenges and recommendation > Conclusion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“According to a study, only 3% of clinical trials for mental health were carried out in low- and middle-income nations, with African nations making up the bulk of this faction [5].”
§ Accessing Mental Health Services in Africa: Current state, efforts, challenges and recommendation > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [5] Sheriff R. Adams C. Tharyan P. Randomised trials relevant to mental health conducted in low and middle-income countries: a survey BMC Psychiatr. 8 2008 69 PMC2527605 18702809
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Africa has 1.4 mental health workers per 100 000 people, a low figure beside the global average of 9 workers per 100 000 people [2].”
§ Accessing Mental Health Services in Africa: Current state, efforts, challenges and recommendation > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [2] WHO. Mental Health Atlas 2014 2015 World Health Organization http://www.who.int/mental_ health/evidence/atlas/executive_summary_en.pdf?ua=1Geneva accessed
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“For example, Egypt has 15 mental hospitals across the country, and the inpatient units collectively hold less than ten beds per 100 000 population.”
§ Accessing Mental Health Services in Africa: Current state, efforts, challenges and recommendation > Challenges
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [11] Jack-Ide I.O. Uys L. Barriers to Mental Health Services Utilization in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria: Service Users' Perspectives [Internet] 2013 The Pan African Medical Journal [cited 2022 Jul 30];14:159. Available from:/pmc/articles/PMC3683509/ PMC3683509 23785564
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In Uganda, there was one national mental hospital and 1.64 beds per 100 000 of the population in inpatient units [12].”
§ Accessing Mental Health Services in Africa: Current state, efforts, challenges and recommendation > Challenges
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [12] Burvill PW. Looking beyond the 1:10,000 Ratio of Psychiatrists to Population: 10.1177/000486749202600212 [Internet]. 2017 Feb 13 [cited 2022 Jul 30];26(2):265–9. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/000486749202600212?journalCode=anpa. 1642618
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Nigeria has seven mental hospitals owned by the government, which do not hold more than four inpatient beds per 100 000 population [11].”
§ Accessing Mental Health Services in Africa: Current state, efforts, challenges and recommendation > Challenges
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [11] Jack-Ide I.O. Uys L. Barriers to Mental Health Services Utilization in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria: Service Users' Perspectives [Internet] 2013 The Pan African Medical Journal [cited 2022 Jul 30];14:159. Available from:/pmc/articles/PMC3683509/ PMC3683509 23785564
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“As a result of mental health issues, 17.9 million years were lost to disability in 2015 [8].”
§ Accessing Mental Health Services in Africa: Current state, efforts, challenges and recommendation > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [8] WHO. Mental Health Atlas 2014 2015 World Health Organization http://www.who.int/mental_ health/evidence/atlas/executive_summary_en.pdf?ua=1Geneva accessed
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Few countries, such as Libya, lack a standalone mental health policy, but the majority with a policy did not deploy financial and human resources to implement or monitor progress [16].”
§ Accessing Mental Health Services in Africa: Current state, efforts, challenges and recommendation > Challenges
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [16] Gureje O. Lasebikan V.O. Ephraim-Oluwanuga O. Olley B.O. Kola L. Community study of knowledge of and attitude to mental illness in Nigeria [Internet] Br. J. Psychiatr. 2005 May [cited 2022 Jul 30];186(5):436–41. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/community-study-of-knowledge-of-and-attitude-to-mental-illness-in-nigeria/070F7DCA68F81CA2B96B861F988E0FCC 15863750
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There remains a dearth in the number of mental health facilities in Africa, and the available facilities are inadequate for population needs.”
§ Accessing Mental Health Services in Africa: Current state, efforts, challenges and recommendation > Challenges
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The continent's growing population, which is majorly youth, means that mental health services will be in high demand in the coming years.”
§ Accessing Mental Health Services in Africa: Current state, efforts, challenges and recommendation > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Considering the continent's socioeconomic difficulties, it is almost a given that mental health illnesses will be on the rise.”
§ Accessing Mental Health Services in Africa: Current state, efforts, challenges and recommendation > Abstract
boostedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The absence of a policy or a non-functional policy makes it impossible to reach clients with needs for mental health services leading to ineffective service delivery and potential wastage of resources.”
§ Accessing Mental Health Services in Africa: Current state, efforts, challenges and recommendation > Challenges
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
Many African countries have policies targeted at mental health problems, but these policies are often weak and outdated to combat present challenges.
“Even though many African nations have policies to address mental health problems, these policies are often weak and outdated to combat the present challenges.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Many countries do not have budgetary allocation for mental health, while those with budgetary allocation spend less than 5% of government health expenditure on mental health.
“Many countries do not have the budgetary allocation for mental health. while those with budgetary allocation spend less than 5% of government health expenditure on mental health.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Most patients with mental health conditions often seek spiritual interventions.
“Most patients with mental health conditions often seek spiritual interventions because mental health illnesses are frequently linked to cultural and ancestral roots.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Mental health illnesses are frequently linked to cultural and ancestral roots.
“Most patients with mental health conditions often seek spiritual interventions because mental health illnesses are frequently linked to cultural and ancestral roots.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Integration in general health care is low.
“Furthermore, integration in general health care is low.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Nurses, auxiliary staff, and medical and health assistants form most of the insufficient health staff.
“Nurses, auxiliary staff, and medical and health assistants form most of the insufficient health staff.”
The paper relies on this without support.
In general, payment for healthcare is mainly out-of-pocket, putting a significant burden on individuals and families and sometimes causing severe financial strains.
“In general, payment for healthcare is mainly out-of-pocket, putting a significant burden on individuals and families and sometimes causing severe financial strains.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Sociocultural bias toward mental health disorders remains an age-long barrier to seeking care and has been a global problem.
“The sociocultural bias toward mental health disorders remains an age-long barrier to seeking care and has been a global problem.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Patients with mild disorders are generally less likely to seek help, and half want to handle the condition independently.
“Personal perspectives of the condition discourage patients from seeking help as patients with mild disorders are generally less likely to seek help, and half want to handle the condition independently.”
The paper relies on this without support.
17% of patients do not think the problem was severe and assumed it would go away on its own.
“17% of patients do not think the problem was severe and assumed it would go away on its own, a pointer to a generally low level of knowledge and attitude to mental health.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Stigma from misconceptions on mental health has no preferential sociodemographic distribution.
“Stigma from misconceptions on mental health has no preferential sociodemographic distribution; hence community-based advocacy and enlightenment programs should target all population groups, albeit with specific themes.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Lack of resources and commitment from public stakeholders continue to hinder the development of mental health care in most African nations, where specialized psychiatric care is primarily provided in urban situated mental institutions.
“Lack of resources and commitment from public stakeholders continue to hinder the development of mental health care in most African nations, where specialized psychiatric care is primarily provided in urban situated mental institutions.”
Citations
Cites
Barriers to mental health treatment: results from the WHO World Mental Health surveys
Andrade, L. H., Alonso, J., Mneimneh, Z., Wells, J. E., Al-Hamzawi, A., Borges, G., Bromet, E., Bruffaerts, R., de Girolamo, G., de Graaf, R., et al. (2014) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291713001943 · Cited by 1,289
Community study of knowledge of and attitude to mental illness in Nigeria
Gureje, O., Lasebikan, V. O., Ephraim-Oluwanuga, O., Olley, B. O., & Kola, L. (2005) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.186.5.436 · Cited by 437
Strengthening mental health systems in low-and middle-income countries: the Emerald programme
Semrau, M., Evans-Lacko, S., Alem, A., Ayuso-Mateos, J. L., Chisholm, D., Gureje, O., Hanlon, C., Jordans, M., Kigozi, F., Lempp, H., et al. (2015) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-015-0309-4 · Cited by 288
Gureje, O., Abdulmalik, J., Kola, L., Musa, E., Yasamy, M. T., & Adebayo, K. (2015) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-015-0911-3 · Cited by 188 · cited 2×
“Integrating mental health services into primary health care is essential to improving accessibility and eliminating many structural barriers [18].”
Child mental health in Sierra Leone: a survey and exploratory qualitative study
Yoder, H. N. C., Tol, W. A., Reis, R., & de Jong, J. T. V. M. (2016) · International Journal of Mental Health Systems · doi:10.1186/s13033-016-0080-8 · Cited by 77
Jack-Ide, I. O., & Uys, L. R. (2013) · Pan African Medical Journal · doi:10.11604/pamj.2013.14.159.1970 · Cited by 74
Sustainable financing mechanisms for strengthening mental health systems in Nigeria
Abdulmalik, J., Olayiwola, S., Docrat, S., Lund, C., Chisholm, D., & Gureje, O. (2019) · International Journal of Mental Health Systems · doi:10.1186/s13033-019-0293-8 · Cited by 63 · cited 1×
“For instance, a poll on mental health conducted by the Africa Polling Institute (API) and EpiAFRIC in Nigeria, the most popu-lous nation in Africa, reveals a poor awareness of mental health, with the majority of respondents unaware that they have mental health illnesses [1].”
Looking beyond the 1:10,000 Ratio of Psychiatrists to Population
Burvill, P. W. (1992) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/000486749202600212 · Cited by 36
Looking Beyond the 1:10,000 Ratio of Psychiatrists to Population
Burvill, P. W. (1992) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/00048679209072037 · Cited by 32
Randomised trials relevant to mental health conducted in low and middle-income countries: a survey
the PRACTIHC Mental Health Group, Sheriff, R. S., Adams, C. E., Tharyan, P., Jayaram, M., & Duley, L. (2008) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-8-69 · Cited by 18
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Atewologun, F., Adigun, O. A., Okesanya, O. J., Hassan, H. K., Olabode, O. N., Micheal, A. S., Ahmed, M. M., Ukoaka, B. M., Idris, N. B., Oso, T. A., et al. (2025) · Discover Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s44192-025-00177-7 · Cited by 89
“…health services is often underdeveloped, as many countries have few specialized psychiatric hospitals and those that exist are frequently located in urban areas, making them inaccessible to the rural population, which constitutes a significant portion of sub-Saharan Africa’s population [116].”
A scoping review of substance use brief interventions in Africa
Jaguga, F., Kiburi, S. K., Temet, E., Aalsma, M. C., Ott, M. A., Maina, R. W., Wachira, J., Mostert, C., Kosgei, G., Tenge, A., et al. (2024) · PLOS Global Public Health · doi:10.1371/journal.pgph.0003340 · Cited by 10
Metadata
- Authors
- Nicholas, A., Joshua, O., & Elizabeth, O.
- Venue
- Annals of Medicine & Surgery
- Published
- 2022-09
- Volume
- 81
- Pages
- 104421-104421
- ISSN
- 2049-0801 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9387063
- OpenAlex
- W4292241411
- Semantic Scholar
- e22f637dff0b8b9f2c2bd40f63f9caca44adfe29
- Cited by
- 63
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 12.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Annals of Medicine and Surgery (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychiatric care and mental health services
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Historical Psychiatry and Medical Practices
- Keywords
- mental health services, Africa, mental health policy, mental health funding, mental health workforce shortage, mental health stigma, COVID-19 pandemic, public health expenditure, youth mental health
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-06, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-06 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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