The Stroke Upper-Limb Activity Monitor: Its Sensitivity to Measure Hemiplegic Upper-Limb Activity During Daily Life
Abstract
Objective To test the Stroke Upper-Limb Activity Monitor (Stroke-ULAM), which uses electrogoniometry and accelerometry to measure the amount of upper-limb usage in stroke patients in daily life conditions, for its sensitivity to discriminate between moderately recovered and well-recovered stroke patients and control subjects.Design Cross-sectional study.Setting At home or a rehabilitation center.Participants Seventeen patients with stroke and 5 control subjects.Interventions Not applicable.Main outcome measure Level of usage of upper limb and the percentage of affected upper-limb activity compared with unaffected upper-limb activity (proportion).Results The level of usage of the affected upper limb of stroke patients was lower than that of the nondominant upper limb of control subjects (electrogoniometry, 97.8 degrees+/-92.3 degrees/min vs 286.2 degrees+/-46.5 degrees/min, P<.01; accelerometry 1.0+/-0.5 g/min vs 2.4+/-0.8 g/min, P<.01). Stroke patients had lower proportions than control subjects in both electrogoniometry (22.6%+/-18.0% vs 84.6%+/-9.8%, P<.01) and accelerometry (39.2%+/-21.4% vs 93.3%+/-5.0%, P<.01). Well-recovered stroke patients had significantly higher proportions compared with moderately recovered patients on both electrogoniometry and accelerometry.Conclusions The Stroke-ULAM sensitively measures actual performance, and therefore can be a valuable addition to the mostly capacity-oriented tools currently used to evaluate upper-limb function. Proportion is preferred to the level of usage.
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In stroke, upper extremity activity, walking, and physical activity levels were investigated using step and activity counts.
“In stroke, upper extremity activity [40–51], walking, and physical activity levels were investigated in several studies using step and activity counts [52–62].”
From Wearable sensors for clinical applications in epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, and stroke: A mixed-methods systematic review (2018) · cites this paper as [45]
Arm activity measures discriminated effectively between different motor impairment levels in stroke.
“In stroke, arm activity measures discriminated effectively between individuals with stroke and healthy controls [45], and between different motor impairment levels [45, 47, 48].”
From Wearable sensors for clinical applications in epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, and stroke: A mixed-methods systematic review (2018) · cites this paper as [45]
In stroke, arm activity measures discriminated effectively between individuals with stroke and healthy controls.
“In stroke, arm activity measures discriminated effectively between individuals with stroke and healthy controls [45], and between different motor impairment levels [45, 47, 48].”
From Wearable sensors for clinical applications in epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, and stroke: A mixed-methods systematic review (2018) · cites this paper as [45]
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- Authors
- de Niet, M., Bussmann, J. B., Ribbers, G. M., & Stam, H. J.
- Affiliations
- Erasmus MC (NL)
- Venue
- Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-09
- Volume
- 88
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1121-1126
- ISSN
- 0003-9993 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2052105544
- Cited by
- 94
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 3.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (publishedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Speech and Hearing › Dysphagia Assessment and Management
- Keywords
- stroke, hemiplegia, upper limb activity, activity monitoring, electrogoniometry, accelerometry, upper limb function, activities of daily living, stroke recovery
- MeSH terms
- Stroke Rehabilitation, Activities of Daily Living, Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Exercise Test, Female, Hand, Hemiplegia, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Quality of Life, Sensitivity and Specificity, Severity of Illness Index, Muscle, Skeletal, Monitoring, Ambulatory, Stroke
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