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Effects of Hippotherapy on Gait Parameters in Children With Bilateral Spastic Cerebral Palsy
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the effects of hippotherapy on temporospatial parameters and pelvic and hip kinematics of gait in children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy.Design Nonrandomized prospective controlled trial.Setting Outpatient therapy center.Participants Children (N=32) with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy, Gross Motor Function Classification System level 1 or 2.Intervention Hippotherapy (30 min twice weekly for 8 consecutive weeks).Main outcome measures Temporospatial parameters and pelvic and hip kinematic parameters in 3-dimensional motion analysis, Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM)-88, and score for dimensions D (standing) and E (walking, running, jumping) of the GMFM, GMFM-66, and Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS).Results Hippotherapy significantly improved walking speed, stride length, and pelvic kinematics (average pelvic anterior tilt, pelvic anterior tilt at initial contact, pelvic anterior tilt at terminal stance). Scores for dimension E of the GMFM, GMFM-66 and PBS also increased.Conclusions Hippotherapy provided by licensed health professionals using the multidimensional movement of the horse may be used in conjunction with standard physical therapy for improvement of gait and balance in children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy.
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“Sixteen hours of therapy (two 1h sessions/wk for 8wks) improved sitting balance (BF&S; evidence level II, conduct weak; see Table SIIIa) 45 and standing balance ('activity'; evidence level III, conduct moderate; see Table SIIIa) 47 for ambulant, school-aged children (GMFCS I -II).”
From Exercise interventions improve postural control in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review (2015) · cites this paper as [47]
In the citing paper
“In contrast, 8 hours (two 30min sessions/wk for 8wks) of NDT did not improve standing balance ('activity') in children with bilateral spastic CP (GMFCS I -II), aged 4 to 10 years (level III, conduct moderate; see Table SIIIa). 47”
From Exercise interventions improve postural control in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review (2015) · cites this paper as [47]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Kwon, J.-Y., Chang, H. J., Lee, J. Y., Ha, Y., Lee, P. K., & Kim, Y.-H.
- Affiliations
- Samsung Medical Center (KR)
- Samsung Changwon Hospital (KR)
- Samsung (South Korea) (KR)
- Venue
- Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-05
- Volume
- 92
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 774-779
- ISSN
- 0003-9993 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2046507044
- Cited by
- 148
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 7.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Children's Physical and Motor Development
- Keywords
- hippotherapy, spastic cerebral palsy, bilateral cerebral palsy, gait, pelvic kinematics, hip kinematics, balance, children, walking speed, stride length, equine-assisted therapy
- MeSH terms
- Biomechanical Phenomena, Body Height, Body Weight, Cerebral Palsy, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Gait, Hip, Humans, Male, Pelvis, Prospective Studies, Equine-Assisted Therapy
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