Force-Velocity Characteristics of the Knee Extensors: An Indication of the Risk for Physical Frailty in Elderly Women
Abstract
Objectives To examine the relationship between muscle strength, speed of movement, muscle mass (MM), and functional performance in elderly women and to determine optimal threshold values below which physical frailty occurs. Design Survey. Setting University-based laboratory. Participants Institutionalized women (N=123; mean age, 79.67 ± 5.2y). Interventions Not applicable. Main outcome measures Force-velocity characteristics of the knee extensors were evaluated by using isometric, isokinetic, and ballistic tests on a motor-driven dynamometer. Isometric (ISOM) strength, dynamic strength, maximal speed of movement (SoM, unloaded), and speed of movement with standardized resistance of 20% (S(20)), 40% (S(40)), and 60% (S(60)) of the isometric maximum were recorded. MM of the upper leg was determined by using computed tomography. The modified Physical Performance Test (mPPT) was used to assess functional performance. Results Force-velocity characteristics (r varied from .31-.68) and MM (r=.41) correlated significantly with functional performance (P<.05). In a forward stepwise regression model, only SoM and ISOM strength remained independently associated with mPPT score (R(2)=.49), with SoM accounting for most of the variance. The threshold value that optimally differentiates between women with mild (mPPT score, 25-31) or without (mPPT score ≥32) physical frailty was 350°/s for SoM and 1.46N m/kg for ISOM strength. Sensitivity and specificity ranged from 74% to 77% and 71% to 77%, respectively. Conclusions SoM is a key component in the onset of functional difficulties in elderly women. Exercise interventions specifically targeting muscle power (by including exercises at high velocities) thus might be crucial to prevent functional decline.
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Movement velocity is considered more essential than force in determining functional performance.
“Functional trajectories are in fl uenced by a loss in either force or velocity as people age, 19,20 with movement velocity considered more essential in determining functional performance. 21,22”
From High-velocity power training has similar effects to traditional resistance training for functional performance in older adults: a systematic review (2023) · cites this paper as [21]
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Longitudinal study of muscle strength, quality, and adipose tissue infiltration
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The specific contributions of force and velocity to muscle power in older adults
Pojednic, R. M., Clark, D. J., Patten, C., Reid, K., Phillips, E. M., & Fielding, R. A. (2012) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2012.05.010 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
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“Functional trajectories are influenced by a loss in either force or velocity as people age,(19,20) with movement velocity considered more essential in determining functional performance.(21,22) Consequently, muscle power (the product of force and velocity) is a critical component of functional performance in older ind…”
Background
- Authors
- Van Roie, E., Verschueren, S. M., Boonen, S., Bogaerts, A., Kennis, E., Coudyzer, W., & Delecluse, C.
- Affiliations
- KU Leuven (BE)
- Corresponding author
- Delecluse, Christophe
- Venue
- Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-11
- Volume
- 92
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1827-1832
- ISSN
- 0003-9993 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2116852347
- Cited by
- 81
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 1.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
- Keywords
- force-velocity relationship, knee extensors, physical frailty, older women, movement speed, isometric strength, muscle mass, functional performance, muscle power, exercise intervention, functional decline
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Biomechanical Phenomena, Female, Humans, Knee, Risk Factors, Muscle Strength
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