Eating patterns and portion size associated with obesity in a Swedish population
Abstract
The objective of this study was to describe the association between meal pattern and obesity. The study is based on data from the INTERGENE research programme, and the study population consists of randomly selected women and men, aged 25-74, living in the Västra Götaland Region in Sweden. A total of 3610 were examined. Participants with measured BMI> or =30 were compared with others (BMI<30) with respect to questionnaire data on habitual meal patterns and intake of energy estimated from food frequencies and standard portions. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals were adjusted for age, sex, smoking and physical activity in logistic regression models. Being obese was significantly associated with omitting breakfast, OR 1.41 (1.05-1.90), omitting lunch OR 1.31 (1.04-1.66) and eating at night OR 1.62 (1.10-2.39). Obesity was also related to significantly larger self-reported portion sizes of main meals. No statistically significant relationship with intake of total energy was revealed. Thus, the results indicate that examination of meal patterns and portion sizes might tell us more about obesogenic food patterns than traditional nutrient analyses of food frequencies. Being obese was associated with a meal pattern shifted to later in the day and significantly larger self-reported portions of main meals.
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When confounders were taken into account, the evidence for a relationship between shift work and body weight change became insignificant.
“However, when confounders were taken into account, the evidence for a relationship between shift work and body weight change became insignificant.”
From Meal irregularity and cardiometabolic consequences: results from observational and intervention studies (2016) · cites this paper as [18]
A systematic review by van Drongelen et al. in 2011 of eight studies showed strong evidence for a crude relationship between weight gain and shift work.
“For weight gain, a systematic review by van Drongelen et al. in 2011 of eight studies showed strong evidence for a crude relationship between weight gain and shift work (18) .”
From Meal irregularity and cardiometabolic consequences: results from observational and intervention studies (2016) · cites this paper as [18]
Of the eight studies, five adjusted for potentially relevant confounding variables, and only two of the five were of high quality; these showed a positive association between shift work and body weight gain.
“Of the eight studies, five adjusted for potentially relevant confounding variables, including age, gender, body weight at baseline and physical activity, and only two of the five were of high quality.These showed a positive association between shift work and body weight gain (18) .”
From Meal irregularity and cardiometabolic consequences: results from observational and intervention studies (2016) · cites this paper as [18]
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References 58 · Cited by 268
- Authors
- Berg, C., Lappas, G., Wolk, A., Strandhagen, E., Torén, K., Rosengren, A., Thelle, D., & Lissner, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Gothenburg (SE)
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital (SE)
- University of Oslo (NO)
- Corresponding author
- Berg, Christina
- Venue
- Appetite
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-02
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 21-26
- ISSN
- 0195-6663 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2039931878
- Cited by
- 268
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 13.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Appetite (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas
- Hjärt-Lungfonden
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Keywords
- obesity, meal patterns, portion size, breakfast skipping, late-night eating, body mass index, energy intake
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Energy Intake, Diet, Feeding Behavior, Female, Food, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sweden, Time Factors, Body Mass Index, Odds Ratio
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