Cited by 456Behavioral Health and InterventionsNutrition, Health and Food BehaviorMedia Influence and Health

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Do implementation intentions help to eat a healthy diet? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the empirical evidence

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Adriaanse, Marieke A., Vinkers, Charlotte D.W., De Ridder, Denise T.D., Hox, Joop J., De Wit, John B.F.·2011·Appetite

DOI 10.1016/j.appet.2010.10.012

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Abstract

Objective This systematic review and meta-analysis examined whether implementation intentions are an effective tool to help people put their intentions to eat a healthy diet into practice. Additionally, it was investigated whether the quality of the outcome measures and the quality of the control conditions that are used in these studies influence implementation intentions' effectiveness.Methods Twenty three empirical studies investigating the effect of implementation intentions on eating behavior were included. In assessing the empirical evidence, a distinction was made between studies that aim to increase healthy eating (i.e., eating more fruits) and studies that aim to diminish unhealthy eating (i.e., eating fewer unhealthy snacks).Results Implementation intentions are an effective tool for promoting the inclusion of healthy food items in one's diet (Cohen's d=.51), but results for diminishing unhealthy eating patterns are less strong (Cohen's d=.29). For studies aiming to increase healthy eating, it was found that higher quality outcome measures and lower quality control conditions tended to yield stronger effects.Conclusion Implementation intentions are somewhat more effective in promoting healthy eating than in diminishing unhealthy eating, although for some studies promoting healthy eating effect sizes may have been inflated due to less than optimal control conditions.

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Authors: Adriaanse, M. A., Vinkers, C. D. W., De Ridder, D. T. D., Hox, J. J., & De Wit, J. B. F.
Affiliations: Utrecht University (NL)
Corresponding author: Adriaanse, Marieke A.
ORCID: Adriaanse, Marieke A.
Venue: Appetite
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2011-02
Volume: 56
Issue: 1
Pages: 183-193
ISSN: 0195-6663 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2010.10.012
OpenAlex: W2124879460
Cited by: 455
References: 52
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 89 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 43 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 10
FWCI: 1.23
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 902 d)
Locations: Appetite (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
Social Sciences › Communication › Media Influence and Health
Keywords: implementation intentions, healthy eating, dietary habits, fruit consumption, unhealthy snacks, effect size inflation
MeSH terms: Diet, Feeding Behavior, Goals, Health Promotion, Humans, Research Design, Health Behavior, Intention

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Do implementation intentions help to eat a healthy diet? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the empirical evidence

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